本發(fā)明屬于生物
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:
:,具體涉及一種適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法及其應(yīng)用。
背景技術(shù):
::生物技術(shù)對(duì)于國(guó)家的生物工業(yè)發(fā)展及農(nóng)業(yè)和健康產(chǎn)業(yè)至關(guān)重要。自從人類基因組計(jì)劃(humangenomeproject)和dna元件百科全書(encyclopediaofdnaelements)項(xiàng)目的完成,科學(xué)家們分析和鑒定了大量的基因組中的基因和dna調(diào)控元件[1,2]。在基因表達(dá)調(diào)控中起重要作用的dna調(diào)控元件包括啟動(dòng)子、增強(qiáng)子、沉默子和絕緣子等。然而,多數(shù)調(diào)控元件的功能并沒(méi)有得到實(shí)驗(yàn)的驗(yàn)證和闡明[2-8]。探索基因和dna調(diào)控元件的功能,可以通過(guò)遺傳學(xué)dna片段編輯來(lái)進(jìn)行研究。早期的基因編輯和基因功能修飾是通過(guò)基因轉(zhuǎn)座和轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)崿F(xiàn)的[9-14]。伴隨測(cè)序技術(shù)的發(fā)展反向遺傳學(xué)被應(yīng)用于對(duì)基因組進(jìn)行特定的突變[15,16]。特別是依賴于同源重組的基因打靶小鼠迅速地被應(yīng)用到科學(xué)研究中[15,17,18]。此外,在小鼠和斑馬魚中dna片段的反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)被應(yīng)用于去研究特定的基因組結(jié)構(gòu)變化[19-24]。近幾年,源于細(xì)菌和古菌的ⅱ型成簇規(guī)律間隔短回文重復(fù)系統(tǒng)[clusteredregularlyinterspacedshortpalindromicrepeats(crispr)/crispr-associatednuclease9(cas9),crispr/cas9]是新興基因組編輯技術(shù)[25-27],由于它設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單和操作方便,迅速地被應(yīng)用到真核基因組編輯。我們利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)在人細(xì)胞系和小鼠中實(shí)現(xiàn)了dna片段遺傳編輯(刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù))[28]。通過(guò)cas9和兩個(gè)sgrnas在基因組中進(jìn)行兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)靶向斷裂后在ctip等蛋白參與的修復(fù)系統(tǒng)作用下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)dna片段的刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)(倒位)、重復(fù)、易位和插入(如果提供供體)等[29-32]。通過(guò)對(duì)dna片段編輯的遺傳操作,能夠用來(lái)研究原鈣粘蛋白和珠蛋白的基因表達(dá)調(diào)控和三維基因組結(jié)構(gòu)[28,31-33]。然而,現(xiàn)有技術(shù)中,需要經(jīng)過(guò)大量繁雜的實(shí)驗(yàn),才能采用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行高精準(zhǔn)度基因組dna片段編輯。技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)要素:為了克服現(xiàn)有技術(shù)中所存在的問(wèn)題,本發(fā)明的目的在于提供一種適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法及其應(yīng)用。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目的以及其他相關(guān)目的,本發(fā)明采用如下技術(shù)方案:本發(fā)明的第一方面,提供一種基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng),所述分析方法將cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割的方式區(qū)分為鈍末端切割與突出末端切割,鈍末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為鈍斷裂末端占比,突出末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為突出斷裂末端占比,通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合在每種切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的斷裂末端序列,并結(jié)合所述鈍斷裂末端占比與突出斷裂末端占比,來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度。優(yōu)選地,所述編輯精準(zhǔn)度是指針對(duì)待分析的編輯方式,符合所述編輯方式的基因組dna片段編輯中,精準(zhǔn)編輯所占的比例。優(yōu)選地,所述分析方法,包括如下步驟:(a)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù):(1)預(yù)測(cè)sgrna組合中的單個(gè)sgrna及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段切割時(shí),在突出末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的突出斷裂末端序列,以及在鈍末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的鈍斷裂末端序列;(2)按補(bǔ)平連接的方式來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)各個(gè)突出斷裂末端序列對(duì)待分析基因組dna片段編輯方式所得序列的影響;將精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯的各個(gè)突出斷裂末端占比之和作為第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1的值;若都不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1為0;(3)按直接連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)所述鈍斷裂末端序列對(duì)待分析基因組dna片段編輯方式所得序列的影響;若精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則將鈍斷裂末端占比作為第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2的值;若不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2為0;(4)將第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1的值與第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2的值相加獲得該sgrna及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)x;(b)獲得候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度:將候選sgrna組合中各sgrna對(duì)應(yīng)的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)x相乘獲得該候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z。優(yōu)選地,所述候選sgrna組合中,sgrna的個(gè)數(shù)為兩個(gè)及以上。本發(fā)明的第二方面,提供前述基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法用于基因組dna片段編輯的用途。本發(fā)明的第三方面,提供一種基因組dna片段編輯方法,利用前述編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法分析候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,采用編輯精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合及cas9核酸酶,來(lái)編輯基因組dna片段。優(yōu)選地,所述的基因組dna片段編輯方法,包括如下步驟:(1)針對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段,根據(jù)需要的編輯方式,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合;(2)利用權(quán)利要求前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,從所述候選的sgrna組合選擇出針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合;(3)采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。優(yōu)選地,所述步驟(2)為利用前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,分析各候選sgrna組合與各候選cas9核酸酶配合時(shí),針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,從中選擇精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合對(duì)以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶;所述步驟(3)為采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。優(yōu)選地,步驟(3)中,將所選的sgrna組合,以及含有所述cas9核酸酶編碼基因的質(zhì)粒一同轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞中,對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。優(yōu)選地,步驟(1)中,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合時(shí),至少針對(duì)兩種以上的pam組合設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。優(yōu)選地,所述pam組合包括第一pam和第二pam。進(jìn)一步地,所述第一pam和第二pam均位于待編輯的基因組dna片段同一條dna鏈上。所述同一條dna鏈可以是正義鏈,也可以是反義鏈。進(jìn)一步地,所述第一pam靠近同一條dna鏈的5’端,所述第二pam靠近同一條dna鏈的3’端。所述第一pam的序列為ngg或ccn,所述第二pam的序列為ngg或ccn,其中n為任意核苷酸。優(yōu)選地,所述pam組合選自:ngg-ngg組合、ccn-ccn組合、ccn-ngg組合、ngg-ccn組合中的一種、兩種、三種或四種。進(jìn)一步地,crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)中的cas9核酸酶能夠特異性識(shí)別pam組合中第一pam和第二pam,從而在第一pam和第二pam的上游處分別切割基因組dna雙鏈,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端。所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端在細(xì)胞自身存在的dna損傷修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段編輯。本發(fā)明中例舉了當(dāng)crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)中的cas9核酸酶能夠特異性識(shí)別pam組合中第一pam和第二pam,從而在第一pam和第二pam的上游3bp或4bp處分別切割基因組dna雙鏈,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端。產(chǎn)生的鈍斷裂末端直接連接;而產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端,則以補(bǔ)平連接的方式加入與突出斷裂末端互補(bǔ)的堿基后再連接。若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段刪除,可選用ngg-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。若要進(jìn)行一側(cè)接頭的精準(zhǔn)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位,可選用ngg-ngg或ccn-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段重復(fù),可選用ccn-ngg組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)sgrna組合。優(yōu)選地,所述編輯方式選自突變、刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、重復(fù)、易位或插入。進(jìn)一步地,細(xì)胞會(huì)借助自身存在的同源重組修復(fù)(hdr)或者非同源末端連接機(jī)制(nhej)對(duì)斷裂的dna進(jìn)行修復(fù)。優(yōu)選地,步驟(3)中,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行所需要的編輯過(guò)程中,加入ctip抑制劑。優(yōu)選地,將所選的sgrna組合,以及含有所述cas9核酸酶編碼基因的質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞這一步驟的前期、中期或后期,加入ctip抑制劑。優(yōu)選地,所述ctip抑制劑用于提高基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)率。優(yōu)選地,所述ctip抑制劑用于提高基因組dna片段編輯后連接接頭的直接連接率。所述提高是指與未采用ctip抑制劑時(shí)相比。所述ctip抑制劑是指對(duì)于ctip具有抑制效果的化合物。對(duì)于ctip具有抑制效果包括但不限于:抑制ctip活性,抑制ctip的磷酸化,或者抑制ctip基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄、剪接、翻譯、修飾或任何形式的活性表達(dá)。所述ctip抑制劑可為sirna、shrna、sgrna、抗體、小分子化合物等。如本發(fā)明實(shí)施例1所例舉的ctip抑制劑可以是包含針對(duì)ctip的sgrnas(seqidno.5~8所示)與spcas9的crispr-cas9系統(tǒng)。如本發(fā)明實(shí)施例3所列舉所述ctip抑制劑也可選自小分子化合物3-ap。所述基因組dna片段編輯方法可以是體內(nèi)的,亦可以是體外的。與現(xiàn)有技術(shù)相比,本發(fā)明具有如下有益效果:本發(fā)明經(jīng)過(guò)廣泛而深入的研究,提供了一種適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法及其應(yīng)用,所述分析方法將cas9核酸酶對(duì)dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割的方式區(qū)分為鈍末端切割與突出末端切割,鈍末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為鈍斷裂末端占比,突出末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為突出斷裂末端占比,通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合在每種切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的末端序列,并結(jié)合所述鈍斷裂末端占比與突出斷裂末端占比,來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)采用候選sgrna組合對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度。采用所述分析法可先對(duì)編輯方法進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)度預(yù)測(cè),能夠略去繁雜的實(shí)驗(yàn),從而提高實(shí)驗(yàn)效率。附圖說(shuō)明圖1a:加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,stm位點(diǎn)的刪除片段連接接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接結(jié)果。圖1b:加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,hs51位點(diǎn)的刪除片段連接接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接結(jié)果。圖1c:加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)β-globinlocus位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,β-globinlocus位點(diǎn)的刪除片段連接接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接結(jié)果。圖1d:篩選得到的2個(gè)ctip基因突變細(xì)胞中ctip基因敲除情況。圖1e:ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,stm位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接情況。圖1f:ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,hs51位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接情況。圖1g:ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,β-globinlocus位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接情況。圖1h:正常hek293t細(xì)胞、ctip-#14和ctip-#27突變細(xì)胞系中,3-ap對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的dna片段刪除精準(zhǔn)連接的情況。圖1i:正常hek293t細(xì)胞、ctip-#14和ctip-#27突變細(xì)胞系中,3-ap對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的dna片段刪除精準(zhǔn)連接的情況。圖2a:cas9在兩個(gè)sgrnas介導(dǎo)下對(duì)dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割產(chǎn)生四個(gè)斷裂末端,這些斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)。圖2b:針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)情況。圖2c:dna片段刪除接頭處存在“g”的加入。圖2d:dna片段重復(fù)接頭處存在“t”的加入。圖2e:dna片段下游反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處存在“a”、“g”和“ag”的加入。圖2f:針對(duì)這兩個(gè)特定序列的sgrnas,cas9切割的方式比例特征。圖3a:cas9核酸酶的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。圖3b:β-globinre2位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行dna片段編輯的兩個(gè)sgrnas的示意圖。圖3c:通過(guò)檢測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)接頭連接情況統(tǒng)計(jì)出各cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的各種切割末端的占比。圖3d:針對(duì)上游sgrna1,cas9以及cas9突變體對(duì)目的dna片段的切割情況。圖3e:通過(guò)檢測(cè)dna片段刪除接頭連接情況統(tǒng)計(jì)出各cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的各種切割末端的占比。圖3f:針對(duì)下游sgrna2,cas9以及cas9突變體對(duì)目的dna片段的切割情況。圖3g:當(dāng)cas9核酸酶分別選用wt、g915f、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p或r780a時(shí)候,在候選sgrna組合(包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2)的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯,可能出現(xiàn)的編輯方式及這種編輯方式下的精準(zhǔn)度z分析;以及實(shí)際檢查到的編輯方式情況。圖3h:cas9以及cas9突變體在dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)一側(cè)接頭處堿基加入的實(shí)際和預(yù)測(cè)比例。圖4:不同pam組合進(jìn)行dna片段精準(zhǔn)編輯示意圖。圖5a:不同pam組合下,dna片段刪除情況。圖5b:不同pam組合下,上游接頭的反轉(zhuǎn)情況。圖5c:不同pam組合下,下游接頭的反轉(zhuǎn)情況。圖5d:不同pam組合下,dna片段重復(fù)情況。圖6:利用特定的pam組合編輯cbs所在的dna片段。圖7:利用crispr編輯細(xì)胞系研究ctcf功能。具體實(shí)施方式適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法本發(fā)明的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng),crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)包括cas9核酸酶和sgrna組合,cas9核酸酶在sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割,所述分析方法將cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割的方式區(qū)分為鈍末端切割與突出末端切割,鈍末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為鈍斷裂末端占比,突出末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為突出斷裂末端占比,通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合在每種切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的斷裂末端序列,并結(jié)合所述鈍斷裂末端占比與突出斷裂末端占比,來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度。所述鈍末端切割是指:cas9核酸酶在sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段切割出平滑末端的切割方式。在鈍末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的切割末端為鈍斷裂末端。如本發(fā)明一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(agg)上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端u3就是鈍斷裂末端。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(tgg)上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端d3就是鈍斷裂末端。所述突出末端切割是指:cas9核酸酶在sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段切割出粘性末端的切割方式。在突出末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的切割末端為突出斷裂末端。如本發(fā)明一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(agg)上游4個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端u4就是突出斷裂末端。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(agg)上游5個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端u5就是突出斷裂末端。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(tgg)上游4個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端d4就是突出斷裂末端。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(tgg)上游5個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端d5就是突出斷裂末端。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈也是在pam(tgg)上游6個(gè)堿基處進(jìn)行切割,此時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切割末端d6就是突出斷裂末端。所述鈍斷裂末端占比是指:cas9核酸酶在某sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),在所產(chǎn)生的所有的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端所占的比例。所述突出斷裂末端占比是指:cas9核酸酶在某sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),在所產(chǎn)生的所有的斷裂末端中,突出斷裂末端所占的比例。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,野生型cas9核酸酶(簡(jiǎn)稱cas9wt,wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割所產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端u3的占比為x1=94.30%、突出斷裂末端u4的占比x2=5.70%、u5突出末端切割的占比x3=0.00%。所述編輯精準(zhǔn)度是指針對(duì)待分析的編輯方式,符合所述待分析的編輯方式的基因組dna片段編輯中,精準(zhǔn)編輯所占的比例。在利用候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種編輯方式(例如刪除、重復(fù)、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、易位、插入等),待分析的編輯方式可以是選自刪除、重復(fù)、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、易位、插入等編輯方式中的任一種。根據(jù)待分析編輯方式的不同,編輯精準(zhǔn)度可以是刪除編輯精準(zhǔn)度、重復(fù)編輯精準(zhǔn)度、反轉(zhuǎn)編輯精準(zhǔn)度、易位編輯精準(zhǔn)度及插入編輯精準(zhǔn)度等中的任一種。精準(zhǔn)編輯是指:編輯方式為待分析的編輯方式,且編輯后的序列完全符合預(yù)期的基因組dna片段編輯。相比預(yù)期序列,有堿基的不同則認(rèn)為不屬于精準(zhǔn)編輯。例如利用野生型cas9核酸酶即某對(duì)sgrna對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),實(shí)際檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)生了刪除、重復(fù)、反轉(zhuǎn)、易位、插入多種編輯方式。當(dāng)預(yù)期的編輯為dna刪除時(shí),需要分析刪除編輯精準(zhǔn)度,這時(shí)可以通過(guò)測(cè)序等方式知道符合預(yù)期序列的刪除編輯的量及刪除編輯的總量,進(jìn)而通過(guò)計(jì)算符合預(yù)期序列的刪除編輯在刪除編輯總量中的占比獲得刪除編輯精準(zhǔn)度;當(dāng)預(yù)期的編輯為dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),需要分析重復(fù)編輯精準(zhǔn)度,這時(shí)可以通過(guò)測(cè)序等方式知道符合預(yù)期序列的重復(fù)編輯的量及重復(fù)編輯的總量,進(jìn)而通過(guò)計(jì)算符合預(yù)期序列的重復(fù)編輯在重復(fù)編輯總量中的占比獲得重復(fù)編輯精準(zhǔn)度;當(dāng)預(yù)期的編輯為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),需要分析反轉(zhuǎn)編輯精準(zhǔn)度,這時(shí)可以通過(guò)測(cè)序等方式知道符合預(yù)期序列的反轉(zhuǎn)編輯的量及反轉(zhuǎn)編輯的總量,進(jìn)而通過(guò)計(jì)算符合預(yù)期序列的反轉(zhuǎn)編輯在反轉(zhuǎn)編輯總量中的占比獲得反轉(zhuǎn)編輯精準(zhǔn)度;當(dāng)預(yù)期的編輯為dna片段易位時(shí),需要分析易位編輯精準(zhǔn)度,這時(shí)可以通過(guò)測(cè)序等方式知道符合預(yù)期序列的易位編輯的量及易位編輯的總量,進(jìn)而通過(guò)計(jì)算符合預(yù)期序列的易位編輯在易位編輯總量中的占比獲得易位編輯精準(zhǔn)度;當(dāng)預(yù)期的編輯為dna片段插入時(shí),需要分析插入編輯精準(zhǔn)度,這時(shí)可以通過(guò)測(cè)序等方式知道符合預(yù)期序列的插入編輯的量及插入編輯的總量,進(jìn)而通過(guò)計(jì)算符合預(yù)期序列的插入編輯在插入編輯總量中的占比獲得插入編輯精準(zhǔn)度。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中所列舉的,假設(shè)精準(zhǔn)編輯為dna片段只發(fā)生了反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處不存在其他堿基的改變。那么dna片段重復(fù)、dna片段刪除等反轉(zhuǎn)以外的編輯方式及雖然發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)但是反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基發(fā)生了改變的編輯方式都不屬于精準(zhǔn)編輯。這時(shí),反轉(zhuǎn)編輯就是待分析的編輯方式,dna片段重復(fù)、dna片段刪除等反轉(zhuǎn)以外的編輯方式都不屬于待分析的編輯方式,而精準(zhǔn)編輯及發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)但是反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基發(fā)生了改變的編輯方式均屬于待分析的編輯方式。此時(shí),編輯精準(zhǔn)度就是所有發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)的編輯中,精準(zhǔn)編輯的占比。進(jìn)一步地,所述分析方法,包括如下步驟:(a)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù):(1)預(yù)測(cè)sgrna組合中的單個(gè)sgrna及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段切割時(shí),在突出末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的突出斷裂末端序列,以及在鈍末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的鈍斷裂末端序列。當(dāng)確定了所采用的cas9核酸酶及sgrna后,可以通過(guò)cas9核酸酶的切割規(guī)則及該sgrna的靶向序列,根據(jù)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)預(yù)知會(huì)產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端序列及鈍斷裂末端序列。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,根據(jù)野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)的切割規(guī)則及sgrna1的靶向序列,可知野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),可以產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端u3、突出斷裂末端u4及突出斷裂末端u5。各斷裂末端的序列如下表所示:根據(jù)野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)的切割規(guī)則及sgrna2的靶向序列,可知野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),可以產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端d3、突出斷裂末端d4、突出斷裂末端d5及突出斷裂末端u6。各斷裂末端的序列如下表所示:cas9核酸酶的切割規(guī)則可以經(jīng)由現(xiàn)有技術(shù)確定,也可通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式(例如切割后測(cè)序)確定。(2)按補(bǔ)平連接的方式來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)各個(gè)突出斷裂末端序列對(duì)待分析基因組dna片段編輯方式所得序列的影響;將精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯的各個(gè)突出斷裂末端占比之和作為第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1的值;若都不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1為0;所述補(bǔ)平連接是指:所述突出斷裂末端會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端互補(bǔ)的堿基補(bǔ)平為鈍末端之后再連接。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端u4,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述突出斷裂末端u4會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端c互補(bǔ)的堿基g補(bǔ)平為鈍末端后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處c堿基的加入,雖然是符合預(yù)期的dna反轉(zhuǎn)的,但是由于dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處存在c堿基的加入,因此不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。因此,突出斷裂末端u4的占比=u4突出末端切割方式的占比=5.70%,就不能夠算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端u5,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述突出斷裂末端u5會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端gc互補(bǔ)的堿基cg補(bǔ)平為鈍末端后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處gc堿基的加入,雖然是符合預(yù)期的dna反轉(zhuǎn)的,但是由于dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處存在gc堿基的加入,因此不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。因此,突出斷裂末端u5的占比=u5突出末端切割方式的占比=0.00%,就不能夠算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端u4和突出斷裂末端u5,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,均不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值為0;(3)按直接連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)所述鈍斷裂末端序列對(duì)待分析基因組dna片段編輯方式所得序列的影響;若精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則將鈍斷裂末端占比作為第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2的值;若不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,則第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2為0;所述直接連接是指:所述鈍斷裂末端直接與連接接頭連接。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中所例舉的,野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的鈍斷裂末端u3,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述鈍斷裂末端u3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,因此是能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna1的值=鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=94.30%。(4)將第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1的值與第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2的值相加獲得該sgrna及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)x;如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式所例舉的,所選用的野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1=c1sgrna1+c2sgrna1=0+94.30%=94.30%。同理,按照(1)~(4)的方法,計(jì)算所選用的野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna2。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端d4,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述突出斷裂末端d4會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端t互補(bǔ)的堿基a補(bǔ)平為鈍末端后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處t堿基的加入,雖然是符合預(yù)期的dna反轉(zhuǎn)的,但是由于dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處存在t堿基的加入,因此不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。因此,突出斷裂末端d4的占比=d4突出末端切割方式的占比=24.50%,就不能夠算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1的值。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端d5,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述突出斷裂末端d5會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端at互補(bǔ)的堿基ta補(bǔ)平為鈍末端后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處at堿基的加入,雖然是符合預(yù)期的dna反轉(zhuǎn)的,但是由于dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處存在at堿基的加入,因此不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。因此,突出斷裂末端d5的占比=d5突出末端切割方式的占比=42.57%不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端d6,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述突出斷裂末端d6會(huì)先通過(guò)堿基互補(bǔ)配對(duì)加入與突出的末端cat互補(bǔ)的堿基gta補(bǔ)平為鈍末端后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處cat堿基的加入,雖然是符合預(yù)期的dna反轉(zhuǎn)的,但是由于dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處存在cat堿基的加入,因此不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。因此,突出斷裂末端d6的占比=d6突出末端切割方式的占比=4.19%不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端d4、突出斷裂末端d5和突出斷裂末端d6,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,均不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值為0;野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的鈍斷裂末端d3,在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),所述鈍斷裂末端d3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,因此是能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期的“dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)且反轉(zhuǎn)接頭處無(wú)堿基加入”的編輯方式。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna2的值=鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=28.74%。將第一精準(zhǔn)參考因子c1sgrna2的值與第二精準(zhǔn)參考因子c2sgrna2的值相加,獲得選用的野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna2=c1sgrna2+c2sgrna2=0+27.84%=28.74%。(b)獲得候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度:將候選sgrna組合中各sgrna對(duì)應(yīng)的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)x相乘獲得該候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z。如本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式所例舉的,將選用的野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt)在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1與選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna2相乘獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z,亦即z=x×y=94.30%×28.74%=27.10%。利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入的比例為27.15%。此外,當(dāng)待分析的編輯方式(也就是預(yù)期的編輯)是dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有t堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有at堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有cat堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)堿基加入、dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)t堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)at堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)cat堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)c堿基加入、dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)ct堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)ccat堿基加入時(shí),采用上述分析方法獲得的各編輯方式下的精準(zhǔn)度z均與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的編輯精準(zhǔn)度基本一致。因此,本發(fā)明的適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法準(zhǔn)確度高,實(shí)用性強(qiáng),可用于基因組dna片段編輯。進(jìn)一步地,所述候選sgrna組合中,sgrna的個(gè)數(shù)為兩個(gè)及以上。本發(fā)明的一些實(shí)施方式中,例舉了候選sgrna組合中,sgrna的個(gè)數(shù)為兩個(gè)。所述候選sgrna組合中,sgrna的個(gè)數(shù)還可以是兩個(gè)以上,例如,三個(gè),四個(gè),五個(gè),六個(gè),七個(gè),八個(gè),九個(gè),十個(gè)及十個(gè)以上等。基因組dna片段編輯方法本發(fā)明的基因組dna片段編輯方法,利用前述編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法分析候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,采用編輯精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合及cas9核酸酶,來(lái)編輯基因組dna片段。進(jìn)一步地,所述的基因組dna片段編輯方法,包括如下步驟:(1)針對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段,根據(jù)需要的編輯方式,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合;(2)利用權(quán)利要求前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,從所述候選的sgrna組合中選擇出針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合;(3)采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。所述步驟(2)為利用前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,分析各候選sgrna組合與各候選cas9核酸酶配合時(shí),針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,從中選擇精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶;所述步驟(3)為采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。步驟(3)中,將所選的sgrna組合,以及含有所述cas9核酸酶編碼基因的質(zhì)粒一同轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞中,對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。進(jìn)一步地,步驟(1)中,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合時(shí),至少針對(duì)兩種以上的pam組合設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。所述pam組合包括第一pam和第二pam。進(jìn)一步地,所述第一pam和第二pam均位于待編輯的基因組dna片段同一條dna鏈上。所述同一條dna鏈可以是正義鏈,也可以是反義鏈。進(jìn)一步地,所述第一pam靠近同一條dna鏈的5’端,所述第二pam靠近同一條dna鏈的3’端。所述第一pam的序列為ngg或ccn,所述第二pam的序列為ngg或ccn,其中n為任意核苷酸。優(yōu)選地,所述pam組合選自:ngg-ngg組合、ccn-ccn組合、ccn-ngg組合、ngg-ccn組合中的一種、兩種、三種或四種。進(jìn)一步地,crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)中的cas9核酸酶能夠特異性識(shí)別pam組合中第一pam和第二pam,從而在第一pam和第二pam的上游處分別切割基因組dna雙鏈,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端。所產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端在細(xì)胞自身存在的dna損傷修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段編輯。本發(fā)明中例舉了當(dāng)crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)中的cas9核酸酶能夠特異性識(shí)別pam組合中第一pam和第二pam,從而在第一pam和第二pam的上游3bp或4bp處分別切割基因組dna雙鏈,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端或鈍斷裂末端。產(chǎn)生的鈍斷裂末端直接連接;而產(chǎn)生的突出斷裂末端,則以補(bǔ)平連接的方式可加入與突出斷裂末端互補(bǔ)的堿基后再連接。若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段刪除,可選用ngg-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。若要進(jìn)行一側(cè)接頭的精準(zhǔn)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位,可選用ngg-ngg或ccn-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段重復(fù),可選用ccn-ngg組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)sgrna組合。所述編輯方式選自突變、刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、重復(fù)、易位或插入。細(xì)胞會(huì)借助自身存在的同源重組修復(fù)(hdr)或者非同源末端連接機(jī)制(nhej)對(duì)斷裂的dna進(jìn)行修復(fù)。進(jìn)一步地,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行所需要的編輯過(guò)程中,加入ctip抑制劑。可將所選的sgrna組合,以及含有所述cas9核酸酶編碼基因的質(zhì)粒一同轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞中之前、之時(shí)或之后,加入ctip抑制劑。所述ctip抑制劑用于提高基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)率。所述ctip抑制劑用于提高基因組dna片段編輯后連接接頭的直接連接率。所述提高是指與未采用ctip抑制劑時(shí)相比。ctipctip,又稱為rbbp8,其22-45氨基酸是與mrn復(fù)合物(mre11-rad50-nbs1)的連接區(qū)域,它和c端的650-897氨基酸共同快速識(shí)別并與mrn復(fù)合物相互結(jié)合作用,定位于受損dna序列上完成損傷修復(fù)過(guò)程。ctip抑制劑ctip又稱為rbbp8,其22-45氨基酸是與mrn復(fù)合物(mre11-rad50-nbs1)的連接區(qū)域,它和c端的650-897氨基酸共同快速識(shí)別并與mrn復(fù)合物相互結(jié)合作用,定位于受損dna序列上完成損傷修復(fù)過(guò)程。ctip抑制劑是指對(duì)于ctip具有抑制效果的化合物。對(duì)于ctip具有抑制效果包括但不限于:抑制ctip活性,抑制ctip的磷酸化,或者抑制ctip基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄、剪接、翻譯、修飾或任何形式的活性表達(dá)。所述ctip抑制劑包括但不限于sirna、shrna、sgrna、抗體、小分子化合物。如本發(fā)明實(shí)施例1所例舉的ctip抑制劑可以是針對(duì)ctip基因的crispr/cas9系統(tǒng),所述針對(duì)ctip基因的crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)包括靶向ctip基因的sgrna(seqidno.5~8所示)以及負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)ctip基因進(jìn)行切割的cas9核酸酶。如本發(fā)明實(shí)施例3所列舉所述ctip抑制劑還可以是能夠抑制ctip活性的小分子化合物3-ap。此外,小分子化合物roscovitine(rosc)也可以抑制ctip活性。抑制ctip活性是指使ctip活性下降。優(yōu)選地,相比于抑制前,ctip活性降低至少10%,較佳的降低至少30%,再佳的降低至少50%,更佳的降低至少70%,最佳的降低至少90%。抑制ctip磷酸化可抑制ctip介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞修復(fù)。抑制ctip的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄或表達(dá)是指:使ctip的基因不轉(zhuǎn)錄,或降低ctip的基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,或者使ctip的基因不表達(dá),或降低ctip的基因的表達(dá)活性。本領(lǐng)域技術(shù)人員還可以使用常規(guī)方法對(duì)ctip基因轉(zhuǎn)錄或表達(dá)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),如基因敲除、同源重組,干擾rna等。ctip的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄或表達(dá)的抑制可以通過(guò)pcr及westernblot檢測(cè)表達(dá)量驗(yàn)證。優(yōu)選地,與野生型相比,ctip基因轉(zhuǎn)錄或表達(dá)降低至少10%,較佳的降低至少30%,再佳的降低至少50%,更佳的降低至少70%,又佳的降低至少90%,可能最佳地ctip基因完全沒(méi)有表達(dá)。此外,也可采用本領(lǐng)域常規(guī)的技術(shù)來(lái)抑制ctip基因的翻譯、修飾或任何形式的活性表達(dá)來(lái)起到抑制ctip活性的作用。小分子化合物本發(fā)明中指由幾個(gè)或幾十個(gè)原子組成,分子質(zhì)量在1000以下的化合物。3-ap(3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehydethiosemicarbazone)是一種核糖核苷酸還原酶小分子抑制劑,有文章報(bào)道,3-ap通過(guò)抑制ctip蛋白磷酸化抑制ctip介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞修復(fù)。roscovitine(rosc)是細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶(cdk)抑制劑,可作為ctip抑制劑。說(shuō)明:在本發(fā)明中,cas9可作為cas9核酸酶的簡(jiǎn)稱使用,意思與cas9核酸酶相同。spcas9是一種野生型cas9核酸酶,可簡(jiǎn)寫為wt或cas9wt。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-g915f、g915f、915f之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為g915f的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-δf916、δf916、δf916突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為δf916的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-f916p、f916p、f916p突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為f916p的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-k918a、k918a、k918a突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為k918a的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-r919p、r919p、r919p突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為r919p的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-q920p、q920p、q920p突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為q920p的cas9核酸酶。在本發(fā)明中,cas9-r780a、r780a、r780a突變體之間可替換使用,意思均為名稱為r780a的cas9核酸酶。在進(jìn)一步描述本發(fā)明具體實(shí)施方式之前,應(yīng)理解,本發(fā)明的保護(hù)范圍不局限于下述特定的具體實(shí)施方案;還應(yīng)當(dāng)理解,本發(fā)明實(shí)施例中使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)是為了描述特定的具體實(shí)施方案,而不是為了限制本發(fā)明的保護(hù)范圍。下列實(shí)施例中未注明具體條件的試驗(yàn)方法,通常按照常規(guī)條件,或者按照各制造商所建議的條件。當(dāng)實(shí)施例給出數(shù)值范圍時(shí),應(yīng)理解,除非本發(fā)明另有說(shuō)明,每個(gè)數(shù)值范圍的兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)以及兩個(gè)端點(diǎn)之間任何一個(gè)數(shù)值均可選用。除非另外定義,本發(fā)明中使用的所有技術(shù)和科學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)與本
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:
:技術(shù)人員通常理解的意義相同。除實(shí)施例中使用的具體方法、設(shè)備、材料外,根據(jù)本
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:
:的技術(shù)人員對(duì)現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的掌握及本發(fā)明的記載,還可以使用與本發(fā)明實(shí)施例中所述的方法、設(shè)備、材料相似或等同的現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的任何方法、設(shè)備和材料來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)本發(fā)明。除非另外說(shuō)明,本發(fā)明中所公開的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、檢測(cè)方法、制備方法均采用本
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:
:常規(guī)的分子生物學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、染色質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和分析、分析化學(xué)、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)、重組dna技術(shù)及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的常規(guī)技術(shù)。這些技術(shù)在現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中已有完善說(shuō)明,具體可參見sambrook等molecularcloning:alaboratorymanual,secondedition,coldspringharborlaboratorypress,1989andthirdedition,2001;ausubel等,currentprotocolsinmolecularbiology,johnwiley&sons,newyork,1987andperiodicupdates;theseriesmethodsinenzymology,academicpress,sandiego;wolffe,chromatinstructureandfunction,thirdedition,academicpress,sandiego,1998;methodsinenzymology,vol.304,chromatin(p.m.wassarmananda.p.wolffe,eds.),academicpress,sandiego,1999;和methodsinmolecularbiology,vol.119,chromatinprotocols(p.b.becker,ed.)humanapress,totowa,1999等。實(shí)施例1轉(zhuǎn)染針對(duì)ctip基因的sgrnas能夠提高dna片段刪除后的精準(zhǔn)連接效率1.stm位點(diǎn)和ctip基因的sgrnas質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建(1)購(gòu)買引物從上海桑尼生物科技有限公司購(gòu)買分別針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)(β-globinre1)和ctip基因的sgrnas靶向序列的有5’懸掛端“accg”和“aaac”可以互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的正反向脫氧寡核苷酸。正反向脫氧寡核苷酸:β-globinre1sgrna1f:accgattgttgttgccttggagtg(seqidno.1)β-globinre1sgrna1r:aaaccactccaaggcaacaacaat(seqidno.2)β-globinre1sgrna2f:accgctggtcccctggtaacctgg(seqidno.3)β-globinre1sgrna2r:aaacccaggttaccaggggaccag(seqidno.4)ctipsgrna1f:accggagcagagcagcggggcaa(seqidno.5)ctipsgrna1r:aaacttgccccgctgctctgctc(seqidno.6)ctipsgrna2f:accgttgcccaaagattccccag(seqidno.7)ctipsgrna2r:aaacctggggaatctttgggcaa(seqidno.8)。(2)獲得互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna1)用ddh2o將脫氧寡核苷酸溶解至100μm,并稀釋至20μm;2)將正反脫氧寡核苷酸加入如下反應(yīng)體系:反應(yīng)條件:95℃水浴,5min,然后打開水浴鍋蓋子溫度降至60℃左右,蓋上蓋子冷卻至室溫。(3)酶切pgl3-u6-sgrna-pgk-purovector1)用bsai限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切載體質(zhì)粒,反應(yīng)體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:37℃,1.5小時(shí);2)膠回收純化dna酶切片段,按照膠回收試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明純化。(4)連接酶切后的載體與帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna連接體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:室溫反應(yīng)1.5小時(shí)。(5)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物用stbl3感受態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物,在含氨芐抗生素(amp,100mg/l)lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,37℃。(6)挑取單克隆測(cè)序1)從氨芐抗生素lb平板上挑取單菌落,lb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。2)質(zhì)粒提取,按照質(zhì)粒小抽試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明提取。3)提取后的質(zhì)粒送上海桑尼生物科技有限公司測(cè)序。(7)測(cè)序成功質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行中抽1)測(cè)序成功的質(zhì)粒用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在含amp(100mg/l)的lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。2)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。3)收集細(xì)菌,按照質(zhì)粒中抽試劑盒(qiagen)說(shuō)明提取質(zhì)粒。2.人源化cas9質(zhì)粒制備1)人源化cas9質(zhì)粒從北京大學(xué)席建中實(shí)驗(yàn)室獲得。2)用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在lb平板(amp,100mg/l)培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜。3)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒中抽。3.用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染1)hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,在37℃,含有5%co2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%。2)將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基(加入10%胎牛血清,無(wú)青鏈霉素雙抗)進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。3)待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的人緣化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)、stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)和ctip基因的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。4)轉(zhuǎn)染后兩天,收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組。4.制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)在dna片段預(yù)期刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接位點(diǎn)(pam上游3bp處cas9切割后接頭直接相連)上游大約30bp處設(shè)計(jì)引物,然后將引物5’端加上帶有barcode的illumina的測(cè)序接頭,下游引物可以設(shè)計(jì)在遠(yuǎn)離拼接位點(diǎn)一些的位置并加上illumina的測(cè)序接頭,從生工生物工程(上海)有限公司引物合成后進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,然后使用羅氏pcr純化試劑盒(productno.:11732676001)進(jìn)行純化,dna產(chǎn)物溶解在10mmtris-hclbuffer(ph=8.5),等量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行pe150第二代高通量測(cè)序。5.高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理高通量測(cè)序完成后,使用linux程序?qū)悠返臏y(cè)序結(jié)果從文庫(kù)中通過(guò)barcode分出來(lái),保存在各自的文件夾,然后進(jìn)行bwa-mem比對(duì),比對(duì)后的序列通過(guò)varscan2程序(v2.3.9)分析dna片段的插入和刪除突變,varscan2程序參數(shù)如下:mincoverage:8minreads2:2minvarfreq:0.01minavgqual:15p-valuethresh:0.01針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn),利用高通量測(cè)序引物對(duì)dna片段刪除事件進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序分析刪除事件的dna末端連接情況,根據(jù)測(cè)序結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)dna片段刪除連接接頭精準(zhǔn)和不精準(zhǔn)情況。研究表明,如圖1a所示,和對(duì)照組相比,加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,干擾了ctip基因表達(dá),stm位點(diǎn)的刪除片段連接接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接比例明顯提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接比例提高25.33%),并且在連接接頭處的精準(zhǔn)連接效率大大提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接效率提高20.29%)。同時(shí)參照上述方法,對(duì)于另外一個(gè)hs51re1(hs51位點(diǎn))dna遺傳編輯片段,結(jié)果如圖1b所示,和對(duì)照組相比,加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,干擾了ctip基因表達(dá),hs51位點(diǎn)的刪除接頭連接處精準(zhǔn)的連接比例也有明顯的提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接比例提高12.56%),并且在連接接頭處的精準(zhǔn)連接效率大大提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接效率提高10.85%)。此外,選取的另一個(gè)β-globin位點(diǎn)(β-globinlocus)dna遺傳編輯片段,結(jié)果如圖1c所示,和對(duì)照組相比,加入了靶向ctip基因的sgrnas與針對(duì)β-globinlocus位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、人源化spcas9質(zhì)粒共同轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,干擾了ctip基因表達(dá),β-globin位點(diǎn)的刪除接頭連接處精準(zhǔn)的連接比例也有明顯的提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接比例提高12.62%),并且在連接接頭處的精準(zhǔn)連接效率大大提高(與對(duì)照組比精準(zhǔn)連接效率提高12.71%)。針對(duì)上述不同位點(diǎn)的sgrnas靶向序列:β-globinre1sgrna1:gattgttgttgccttggagtg(seqidno.9)β-globinre1sgrna2:gctggtcccctggtaacctgg(seqidno.10)hs51re1sgrna1:gccacacatccaaggctgac(seqidno.11)hs51re1sgrna2:gagatttggggcgtcaggaag(seqidno.12)β-globinlocussgrna1:ggagatggcagtgttgaagc(seqidno.13)β-globinlocussgrna2:ctaggggtcagaagtagttc(seqidno.14)針對(duì)上述不同位點(diǎn)的的高通量引物:hiseq-hstm-del-af1:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttgcttagagccaggactaattgc(seqidno.15)hiseq-hstm-del-2r:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatagtcaagtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctcagctctgcctgaaaggagtc(seqidno.16)hiseq-hhs51-del-af:atgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgcaaggagatccgtgtcgtc(seqidno.17)hiseq-hhs51-del-br:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatttgactgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatcttttttggctaacaacatagtgcttc(seqidno.18)hiseq-glob-del-af2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctggttagcggcttgctcaattc(seqidno.19)hiseq-glob-del-br1:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatatcacggtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatcttcttcagccatcccaagactc(seqidno.20)。綜上所述,ctip是在nhej(non-homologousend-joining)系統(tǒng)中對(duì)dna斷裂末端進(jìn)行切割的重要輔助蛋白,轉(zhuǎn)染了靶向ctip基因sgrnas的細(xì)胞干擾了ctip基因表達(dá),以致抑制了該蛋白功能,從而在dna斷裂后修復(fù)復(fù)合物對(duì)dna末端進(jìn)行切割的能力降低。通過(guò)crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)用兩個(gè)sgrnas靶向細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)中負(fù)責(zé)切割dna雙鏈的ctip基因和針對(duì)目的dna片段的兩個(gè)sgrnas共同作用,能夠有效提高目的dna片段刪除接頭處精準(zhǔn)連接的比例和效率。實(shí)施例2細(xì)胞系中ctip突變能夠有效提高目的dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接效率1.通過(guò)crispr系統(tǒng)獲得ctip突變的細(xì)胞系1)hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%,將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的人源化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)和ctip位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染。2)轉(zhuǎn)染后48小時(shí)的細(xì)胞加入puromycin(2μg/ml)進(jìn)行四天藥物篩選,然后在新鮮培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)八天,收集細(xì)胞,將均勻分散的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),然后稀釋到一定數(shù)目種到96孔板中(每孔只有一個(gè)細(xì)胞),培養(yǎng)6天后只有一個(gè)細(xì)胞團(tuán)的孔板繼續(xù)加培養(yǎng)液再培養(yǎng)8天。3)收集部分細(xì)胞用ctip篩選引物鑒定dna片段編輯情況,剩余細(xì)胞繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。ctip基因篩選引物:cr-ctip1-1f:gtactacttctgggtctcccgc(seqidno.21)cr-ctip1-1r:cactacactgcaggtgctcacc(seqidno.22)cr-ctip2-1f:catgaatggagactgtgtgatgg(seqidno.23)cr-ctip2-1r:caaactttcacgtggacgtagag(seqidno.24)2.用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行ctip突變細(xì)胞系轉(zhuǎn)染hek293t細(xì)胞和ctip突變細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%,將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的人源化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)和stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。轉(zhuǎn)染后兩天,收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組。3.制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)方法與實(shí)施例1中相同。4.高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理方法與實(shí)施例1中相同。如上所述,將轉(zhuǎn)染了cas9質(zhì)粒和針對(duì)ctip基因的sgrnas的hek293t細(xì)胞進(jìn)行單克隆化,通過(guò)ctip基因篩選引物進(jìn)行pcr篩選。在96個(gè)單克隆細(xì)胞中,篩選得到2個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系,即ctip-#27和ctip-#14(如圖1d所示)。接下來(lái),在這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系和正常hek293t細(xì)胞中,均轉(zhuǎn)染針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、cas9質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收集基因組dna,利用高通量測(cè)序引物對(duì)靶向位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,建庫(kù)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。結(jié)果如圖1e所示,這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,stm位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接效率有效提高(分別提高17.02%和21.45%),然而,對(duì)插入突變影響較小。在這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系和正常hek293t細(xì)胞中,均轉(zhuǎn)染針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、cas9質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收集基因組dna,利用高通量測(cè)序引物對(duì)靶向位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,建庫(kù)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。結(jié)果如圖1f所示,這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,hs51位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接效率有效提高(分別提高8.63%和7.83%),然而,對(duì)插入突變影響較小。在這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系和正常hek293t細(xì)胞中,均轉(zhuǎn)染針對(duì)β-globin位點(diǎn)的sgrnas、cas9質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收集基因組dna,利用高通量測(cè)序引物對(duì)靶向位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,建庫(kù)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。結(jié)果如圖1g所示,這兩個(gè)ctip基因敲除的細(xì)胞系與正常hek293t細(xì)胞相比,β-globin位點(diǎn)dna片段刪除接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接效率有效提高(分別提高12.58%和13.75%),然而,對(duì)插入突變影響較小。綜上所述,細(xì)胞系中ctip基因突變后可以有效地提高目的dna片段刪除接頭處精準(zhǔn)連接的效率。實(shí)施例33-ap提高dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接效率1.在stm位點(diǎn)用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞系轉(zhuǎn)染將hek293t細(xì)胞和ctip突變細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),去除培養(yǎng)基,加入含有dmso或不同濃度的0.2μm,0.4μm,0.8μm,1.6μm的3-ap(sml0568,sigma)的dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基,將制備好的人源化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)和針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染。24小時(shí)后,去除培養(yǎng)基,加入dmem完全雙抗培養(yǎng)基(加入10%胎牛血清和1%青鏈霉素雙抗),再過(guò)24小時(shí),收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。2.制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)方法與實(shí)施例1中相同。3.高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理方法與實(shí)施例1中相同。3-ap(3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehydethiosemicarbazone)是一種核糖核苷酸還原酶小分子抑制劑,有文章報(bào)道,3-ap通過(guò)抑制ctip蛋白磷酸化抑制ctip介導(dǎo)的同源重組修復(fù)[34]。在正常hek293t細(xì)胞、ctip-#14和ctip-#27突變細(xì)胞系中,在含有dmso(對(duì)照)或不同濃度(0.2μm,0.4μm,0.8μm,1.6μm)的3-ap(sigma)的培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)條件下,轉(zhuǎn)染cas9質(zhì)粒和針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒,24小時(shí)后,收集細(xì)胞提取基因組。用高通量測(cè)序引物進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增獲得stm位點(diǎn)的dna片段刪除接頭片段,等分子量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。結(jié)果如圖1h所示,對(duì)于正常的hek293t細(xì)胞,加入0.2~0.8μm的3ap就可以提高dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例;在ctip-#14細(xì)胞系中,伴隨3-ap濃度的增加,dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例不斷增加;在ctip-#27細(xì)胞系中,伴隨3-ap濃度增加到0.4μm,dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例就不再增加;ctip-#27和ctip-#14細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例均高于正常的hek293t細(xì)胞中;這也是與前面的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符合。此外,ctip-#27細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例高于ctip-#14細(xì)胞細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例。在ctip突變的細(xì)胞系中,加入低濃度的3-ap就可以提高dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例。在正常hek293t細(xì)胞、ctip-#14和ctip-#27突變細(xì)胞系中,在含有dmso(對(duì)照)或不同濃度(0.2μm,0.4μm,0.8μm,1.6μm)的3-ap(sigma)的培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)條件下,轉(zhuǎn)染cas9質(zhì)粒和針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒,24小時(shí)后,收集細(xì)胞提取基因組。用高通量測(cè)序引物進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增獲得hs51位點(diǎn)的dna片段刪除接頭片段,等分子量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。結(jié)果如圖1i所示,對(duì)于正常的hek293t細(xì)胞,加入0.2~0.8μm的3ap就可以提高dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例;在ctip-#14細(xì)胞系中,伴隨3-ap濃度的增加,dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例不斷增加;在ctip-#27細(xì)胞系中,伴隨3-ap濃度增加到0.4μm,dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例就不再增加;ctip-#27和ctip-#14細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例均高于正常的hek293t細(xì)胞中;這也是與前面的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符合。此外,ctip-#27細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例高于ctip-#14細(xì)胞細(xì)胞系中的精準(zhǔn)連接比例。在ctip突變的細(xì)胞系中,加入低濃度的3-ap就可以提高dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例。綜上所述,3-ap可以顯著提高目的dna片段刪除的精準(zhǔn)連接比例。實(shí)施例4研究dna片段編輯接頭的連接情況發(fā)現(xiàn)cas9切割新機(jī)制針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn),構(gòu)建針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒:(1)購(gòu)買引物從上海桑尼生物科技有限公司購(gòu)買分別針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)和的sgrnas靶向序列的有5’懸掛端“accg”和“aaac”可以互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的正反向脫氧寡核苷酸;針對(duì)上述hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas靶向序列:hs51re1sgrna1:gccacacatccaaggctgac(seqidno.25)hs51re1sgrna2:gagatttggggcgtcaggaag(seqidno.26)(2)獲得互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna1)用ddh2o將脫氧寡核苷酸溶解至100μm,并稀釋至20μm;2)將正反脫氧寡核苷酸加入如下反應(yīng)體系:反應(yīng)條件:95℃水浴,5min,然后打開水浴鍋蓋子溫度降至60℃左右,蓋上蓋子冷卻至室溫。(3)酶切pgl3-u6-sgrna-pgk-purovector1)用bsai限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切載體質(zhì)粒,反應(yīng)體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:37℃,1.5小時(shí);2)膠回收純化dna酶切片段,按照膠回收試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明純化。(4)連接酶切后的載體與帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna連接體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:室溫反應(yīng)1.5小時(shí);(5)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物用stbl3感受態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物,在含氨芐抗生素(amp,100mg/l)lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,37℃。(6)挑取單克隆測(cè)序1)從氨芐抗生素lb平板上挑取單菌落,lb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)質(zhì)粒提取,按照質(zhì)粒小抽試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明提取;3)提取后的質(zhì)粒送上海桑尼生物科技有限公司測(cè)序。(7)測(cè)序成功質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行中抽1)測(cè)序成功的質(zhì)粒用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在含amp(100mg/l)的lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;3)收集細(xì)菌,按照質(zhì)粒中抽試劑盒(qiagen)說(shuō)明提取質(zhì)粒。2.人源化cas9質(zhì)粒制備1)人源化cas9質(zhì)粒從北京大學(xué)席建中實(shí)驗(yàn)室獲得;2)用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在lb平板(amp,100mg/l)培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;3)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒中抽。3.用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染1)hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,在37℃,含有5%co2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%。2)將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基(加入10%胎牛血清,無(wú)青鏈霉素雙抗)進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。3)待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的人源化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)和針對(duì)hs51位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。4)轉(zhuǎn)染后兩天,收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組。4.制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)在dna片段預(yù)期刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接位點(diǎn)上游大約30bp處設(shè)計(jì)引物,然后將引物5’端加上帶有barcode的illumina的測(cè)序接頭,下游引物可以設(shè)計(jì)在遠(yuǎn)離拼接位點(diǎn)一些的位置并加上illumina的測(cè)序接頭,進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,然后使用羅氏pcr純化試劑盒(productno.:11732676001)進(jìn)行純化,dna產(chǎn)物溶解在10mmtris-hclbuffer(ph=8.5),等量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。高通量引物:hiseq-hhs51-af:atgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgcaaggagatccgtgtcgtc(seqidno.27)hiseq-hs51-ara:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctaaggatgttgtggaaggcgagcag(seqidno.28)hiseq-hs51-bfa:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatggacgggtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctctttacatgacagcttccggtag(seqidno.29)hiseq-hhs51-br:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatttgactgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatcttttttggctaacaacatagtgcttc(seqidno.30)。5.高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理高通量測(cè)序完成后,使用linux程序?qū)悠返臏y(cè)序結(jié)果從文庫(kù)中通過(guò)barcode分出來(lái),保存在各自的文件夾,然后進(jìn)行bwa-mem比對(duì),比對(duì)后的序列通過(guò)varscan2程序(v2.3.9)分析dna片段的插入和刪除突變,varscan2程序參數(shù)如下:mincoverage:8minreads2:2minvarfreq:0.01minavgqual:15p-valuethresh:0.01。本發(fā)明通過(guò)研究dna片段編輯的末端連接情況發(fā)現(xiàn)cas9核酸酶切割新機(jī)制。如圖2a所示,采用兩個(gè)sgrnas形成的sgrna組合及cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),cas9核酸酶在兩個(gè)sgrnas介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割產(chǎn)生四個(gè)斷裂末端(dsb),這些斷裂末端(dsb)在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)(例如,mrn/ctip)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)等dna片段編輯。如圖2b所示,針對(duì)基因組dna片段hs51re1(hs51位點(diǎn)),我們采用sgrna1和sgrna2形成的sgrna組合及cas9核酸酶對(duì)其進(jìn)行編輯。而后,我們檢測(cè)到了dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù),再利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)連接接頭的情況,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)外,dna片段刪除連接接頭、反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭和重復(fù)連接接頭處都存在一定比例的堿基加入(insertion)。如圖2c所示,利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭的情況,與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)比例占79.23%,刪除接頭處還存在“g”堿基的加入(insertion,與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),其比例占11.13%。與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比,推測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭處加入的“g”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(hs51re1,hs51位點(diǎn))的pam上游3bp附近(具體為pam上游4bp處)的堿基。因此,推測(cè)cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割;而cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),可在pam上游3bp處更遠(yuǎn)的4bp處進(jìn)行切割。根據(jù)dna片段刪除連接接頭處存在“g”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),推測(cè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),有鈍末端切割和突出末端切割,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生不同斷裂末端。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行了鈍末端切割時(shí),也就是cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈及非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)均是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端“e3”。鈍斷裂末端“e3”在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段刪除連接接頭處“g”堿基的加入,而是產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行了突出末端切割時(shí),也就是cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)是在pam上游4bp處進(jìn)行切割,從而產(chǎn)生了5’突出斷裂末端“e4”。5’突出斷裂末端“e4”在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段刪除連接接頭處“g”堿基的加入。因此,我們認(rèn)為:在cas9核酸酶的切割下,產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端e3的比例=預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的比例=79.23%。突出斷裂末端e4的比例=“g”堿基的加入比例=11.13%。但是,我們觀察到,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)以及dna片段刪除連接接頭處存在“g”堿基的加入這兩大類情況以外,還有一類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)。我們認(rèn)為這類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)是各斷裂末端(鈍斷裂末端e3和突出斷裂末端e4)在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的,各斷裂末端以均等的概率來(lái)產(chǎn)生堿基刪除(smalldeletion),各斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下所產(chǎn)生的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)的數(shù)量與各斷裂末端的數(shù)量成正比?;陔S機(jī)堿基刪除現(xiàn)象的存在,我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)序獲得的各斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例與其真實(shí)比例存在差距,需要進(jìn)行修正還原,即以各種斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例之和為基準(zhǔn),計(jì)算各斷裂末端的比例,以此作為該斷裂末端的占比。即對(duì)cas9核酸酶的切割所產(chǎn)生的各斷裂末端的比例進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化計(jì)算,鈍斷裂末端e3的比例為87.7%【計(jì)算方法為:79.23%÷(79.23%+11.13%)】。突出斷裂末端e4的比例為12.3%【計(jì)算方法為:11.13%÷(79.23%+11.13%)】。亦即,cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,鈍末端切割的比例為87.7%,突出末端切割的比例為12.3%。如圖2d所示,利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭的情況,與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的比例占8.96%,連接接頭處存在“t”堿基的加入(insertion,與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比)的比例占82.92%。與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比,推測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處加入的“t”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(hs51re1,hs51位點(diǎn))上的pam上游3bp附近(具體為pam上游4bp處)的堿基。因此,推測(cè)cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割;而cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),可在pam上游3bp處更遠(yuǎn)的4bp處進(jìn)行切割。根據(jù)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“t”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),推測(cè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),有鈍末端切割和突出末端切割,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生不同斷裂末端。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行了鈍末端切割時(shí),也就是cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈及非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)均是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端“c3”。鈍斷裂末端“c3”在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處“t”堿基的加入,而是產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行了突出末端切割時(shí),也就是cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí)是在pam上游4bp處進(jìn)行切割,從而產(chǎn)生了5’突出斷裂末端“c4”。5’突出斷裂末端“c4”在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處“t”堿基的加入。因此,我們認(rèn)為:在cas9核酸酶的切割下,產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端c3的比例=預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的比例=8.96%。突出斷裂末端c4的比例=“t”堿基的加入比例=82.92%。但是,我們觀察到,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)以及dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處存在“t”堿基的加入這兩大類情況以外,還有一類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)。我們認(rèn)為這類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)是各斷裂末端(鈍斷裂末端c3和突出斷裂末端c4)在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的,各斷裂末端以均等的概率來(lái)產(chǎn)生堿基刪除(smalldeletion),各斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下所產(chǎn)生的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)的數(shù)量與各斷裂末端的數(shù)量成正比?;陔S機(jī)堿基刪除現(xiàn)象的存在,我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)序獲得的各斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例與其真實(shí)比例存在差距,需要進(jìn)行修正還原,即以各種斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例之和為基準(zhǔn),計(jì)算各斷裂末端的比例,以此作為該斷裂末端的占比。即對(duì)cas9核酸酶的切割所產(chǎn)生的各斷裂末端的比例進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化計(jì)算,鈍斷裂末端c3的比例為9.75%【計(jì)算方法為:8.96%÷(8.96%+82.92%)】。突出斷裂末端c4的比例為90.25%【計(jì)算方法為:82.92%÷(8.96%+82.92%)】。亦即,cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,鈍末端切割的比例為9.75%,突出末端切割的比例為90.25%。如圖2e所示,根據(jù)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1和sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下分別對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的方式比例,預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端的序列,進(jìn)而推算出dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處的堿基加入情況及比例。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行突出末端切割,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端“c4”,cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端“e3”,則在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下,dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處會(huì)出現(xiàn)“a”堿基的加入,且發(fā)生的比例為79.14%【計(jì)算方法為:“c4”突出斷裂末端占比(90.25%)x“e3”鈍斷裂末端占比(87.7%)=79.14%】,與實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)到的dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處“a”堿基加入比例71.94%相近。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端“c3”,cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行突出末端切割,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端“e4”,則在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下,dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處會(huì)出現(xiàn)“g”堿基的加入,且發(fā)生的比例為1.19%【計(jì)算方法為:“c3”鈍斷裂末端占比(9.75%)x“e4”突出斷裂末端占比(12.3%)=1.19%】,與實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)到的dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處“g”堿基加入比例8.54%相近。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行突出末端切割,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端“c4”,cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行突出末端切割,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端“e4”,則在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下,dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處會(huì)出現(xiàn)“ag”堿基的加入,且發(fā)生的比例為11%【計(jì)算方法為:“c4”突出斷裂末端占比(90.25%)x“e4”突出斷裂末端占比(12.3%)=11%】,與實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)到的dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭處“ag”堿基加入比例3.66%相近。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端“c3”,cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,產(chǎn)生鈍斷裂末端“e3”,則在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下,dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,且發(fā)生的比例為8.55%【計(jì)算方法為:“c3”鈍斷裂末端占比(9.75%)x“e3”鈍斷裂末端占比(87.7%)=8.55%】,與實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)到的dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游接頭精準(zhǔn)連接比例6.67%相近。綜上所述,圖2e的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了:cas9核酸酶對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),可在pam上游3bp處到更遠(yuǎn)堿基處進(jìn)行切割。cas9核酸酶在sgrna介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),有鈍末端切割和突出末端切割,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生不同斷裂末端。這些斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下,產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)dna片段編輯(特定堿基的精準(zhǔn)編輯)或者與預(yù)期不符的基因編輯(隨機(jī)的堿基刪除)。如圖2f所示,sgrna組合中,sgrna的設(shè)計(jì)不同(靶序列不同),cas9核酸酶在sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割方式比例不同,產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端比例不同。具體地,cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),鈍末端切割方式的占比高于突出末端切割方式占比,產(chǎn)生的鈍斷裂末端占比高于5’突出斷裂末端占比。然而cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),突出末端切割方式的占比高于鈍末端切割方式占比,產(chǎn)生的5’突出斷裂末端占比也高于鈍斷裂末端占比。由于發(fā)現(xiàn)cas9核酸酶在sgrna介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割的方式有鈍末端切割和突出末端切割,當(dāng)cas9核酸酶在sgrna介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行突出末端切割,產(chǎn)生突出斷裂末端時(shí),按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式可加入與突出斷裂末端互補(bǔ)的堿基,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)基因組dna片段特定位置的堿基加入。實(shí)施例5突變spcas9獲得切割方式改變的特定cas9實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)的dna片段編輯1.構(gòu)建cas9突變體1)使用neb突變?cè)噭┖?q5site-directedmutagenesiskit,#e0554s)構(gòu)建cas9突變體,首先進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,反應(yīng)如下:2)kld(kinase,ligase&dpni)處理,反應(yīng)如下:反應(yīng)條件:室溫10分鐘3)將2)中的反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物全部用于感受態(tài)細(xì)菌stbl3(50μl)的轉(zhuǎn)化,在含氨芐抗生素(amp,100mg/l)lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,37℃。挑取單克隆,質(zhì)粒提取后送測(cè)序。spcas9的氨基酸序列如seqidno.31所示,具體為:spcas9的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.32所示,具體為:如圖3a所示,cas9核酸酶含有ruvc和hnh功能域,ruvc功能域負(fù)責(zé)切割與sgrna非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈,hnh功能域負(fù)責(zé)切割與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈[35]。對(duì)spcas9的氨基酸殘基進(jìn)行突變,獲得的cas9突變體包括:(1)cas9-g915f(將spcas9核酸酶第915位甘氨酸突變成苯丙氨酸):cas9-g915f的氨基酸序列如seqidno.33所示,具體為:cas9-g915f的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.34所示,具體為:(2)cas9-δf916(將spcas9核酸酶第916位苯丙氨酸刪除):cas9-δf916的氨基酸序列如seqidno.35所示,具體為:cas9-δf916的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.36所示,具體為:(3)cas9-f916p:cas9-f916p的氨基酸序列如seqidno.37所示,具體為:cas9-f916p的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.38所示,具體為:(4)cas9-k918a:cas9-k918a的氨基酸序列如seqidno.39所示,具體為:cas9-k918a的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.40所示,具體為:(5)cas9-r919p:cas9-r919p的氨基酸序列如seqidno.41,具體為:cas9-r919p的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.42所示,具體為:(6)cas9-q920p:cas9-q920p的氨基酸序列如seqidno.43所示,具體為:cas9-q920p的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.44所示,具體為:(7)cas9-r780a:cas9-r780a的氨基酸序列如seqidno.45所示,具體為:cas9-r780a的編碼核苷酸序列如seqidno.46所示,具體為:2.cas9突變體進(jìn)行dna片段編輯(1)針對(duì)β-globinre2(rrm21位點(diǎn)),構(gòu)建rrm21位點(diǎn)(β-globinre2)的sgrnas。所述sgrnas靶向序列:β-globinre2sgrna1:acccaatgacctcaggctgt(seqidno.47)β-globinre2sgrna2:tcacttgttagcggcatctg(seqidno.48)。從上海桑尼生物科技有限公司購(gòu)買針對(duì)β-globinre2(rrm21位點(diǎn))的sgrnas靶向序列的有5’懸掛端“accg”和“aaac”可以互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的正反向脫氧寡核苷酸。(2)獲得互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna1)用ddh2o將脫氧寡核苷酸溶解至100μm,并稀釋至20μm;2)將正反脫氧寡核苷酸加入如下反應(yīng)體系:反應(yīng)條件:95℃水浴,5min,然后打開水浴鍋蓋子溫度降至60℃左右,蓋上蓋子冷卻至室溫。(3)酶切pgl3-u6-sgrna-pgk-purovector1)用bsai限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切載體質(zhì)粒,反應(yīng)體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:37℃,1.5小時(shí);2)膠回收純化dna酶切片段,按照膠回收試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明純化。(4)連接酶切后的載體與帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna連接體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:室溫反應(yīng)1.5小時(shí);(5)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物用stbl3感受態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物,在含氨芐抗生素(amp,100mg/l)lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,37℃。(6)挑取單克隆測(cè)序1)從氨芐抗生素lb平板上挑取單菌落,lb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)質(zhì)粒提取,按照質(zhì)粒小抽試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明提??;3)提取后的質(zhì)粒送上海桑尼生物科技有限公司測(cè)序。(7)測(cè)序成功質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行中抽1)測(cè)序成功的質(zhì)粒用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在含amp(100mg/l)的lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;3)收集細(xì)菌,按照質(zhì)粒中抽試劑盒(qiagen)說(shuō)明提取質(zhì)粒。(8)用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染1)hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,在37℃,含有5%co2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%,將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng);2)待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的cas9和cas9突變體質(zhì)粒(800ng)與針對(duì)rrm21位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。3)轉(zhuǎn)染后兩天,收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組。(9)制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)在dna片段預(yù)期刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接位點(diǎn)上游大約30bp處設(shè)計(jì)引物,然后將引物5’端加上帶有barcode的illumina的測(cè)序接頭,下游引物可以設(shè)計(jì)在遠(yuǎn)離拼接位點(diǎn)一些的位置并加上illumina的測(cè)序接頭,進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,然后使用羅氏pcr純化試劑盒(productno.:11732676001)進(jìn)行純化,dna產(chǎn)物溶解在10mmtris-hclbuffer(ph=8.5),等量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。cas9突變引物:cas9-g915f-f:ggataaagcattcttcatcaaaaggcagc(seqidno.49)cas9-g915f-r:aactcagacaggccacct(seqidno.50)cas9-δf916-f:atcaaaaggcagcttgttg(seqidno.51)cas9-δf916-r:gcctgctttatccaactc(seqidno.52)cas9-f916p-f:taaagcaggccccatcaaaaggcag(seqidno.53)cas9-f916p-r:tccaactcagacaggcca(seqidno.54)cas9-k918a-f:aggcttcatcgccaggcagcttg(seqidno.55)cas9-k918a-r:gctttatccaactcagac(seqidno.56)cas9-r919p-f:cttcatcaaaccccagcttgttgagacacg(seqidno.57)cas9-r919p-r:cctgctttatccaactcag(seqidno.58)cas9-q920p-f:catcaaaaggccccttgttgagacac(seqidno.59)cas9-q920p-r:aagcctgctttatccaac(seqidno.60)cas9-r780-a-f:cagtagggaagccatgaagaggattgaag(seqidno.61)cas9-r780-a-r:ttcttctgtcccttctgg(seqidno.62)(10)高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理高通量測(cè)序完成后,使用linux程序?qū)悠返臏y(cè)序結(jié)果從文庫(kù)中通過(guò)barcode分出來(lái),保存在各自的文件夾,然后進(jìn)行bwa-mem比對(duì),比對(duì)后的序列通過(guò)varscan2程序(v2.3.9)分析dna片段的插入和刪除突變,varscan2程序參數(shù)如下:mincoverage:8minreads2:2minvarfreq:0.01minavgqual:15p-valuethresh:0.01。針對(duì)β-globinre2位點(diǎn),利用高通量測(cè)序引物進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù),建庫(kù)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。高通量引物:hiseq-rrm-1f3:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctatatggcatcctagccttaagaaactag(seqidno.63)hiseq-rrm-1r2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttacgacgcaggagccgtatcatg(seqidno.64)hiseq-rrm-3f2:caagcagaagacggcatacgagataagctagtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctatagcaatgaaatcttgaaggagtg(seqidno.65)hiseq-rrm-3r2:caagcagaagacggcatacgagattcaagtgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctgcacagccctgctctattacg(seqidno.66)。參照上述實(shí)施例4的方法,采用兩個(gè)sgrnas形成的sgrna組合及cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯后,可利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段刪除和重復(fù)的連接接頭堿基加入情況,進(jìn)而計(jì)算出cas9核酸酶在各sgrna介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割時(shí),鈍末端切割方式和突出末端切割方式的占比。具體地,各cas9核酸酶(wt、g915f、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p和r780a)(圖3a)在sgrna組合中各sgrna介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段β-globinre2位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行編輯的兩個(gè)sgrnas的示意圖如圖3b。如圖3c所示,利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭的情況,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)以外,還存在與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比,連接接頭處加入了“c”堿基和“gc”堿基的情況。選用不同的cas9核酸酶時(shí),檢測(cè)到的與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)、“+c”堿基、“+gc”堿基的占比不同。以選用g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶為例,檢測(cè)到與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的占比為68.76%,“+c”堿基的占比為15.04%“+gc”堿基的占比為0.20%。鑒于dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“c”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),我們推測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處加入的“c”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))上的pam(agg)上游4bp處的堿基。并且,進(jìn)一步推測(cè)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),則是在pam(agg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u4。突出斷裂末端u4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),導(dǎo)致了dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處“c”堿基的加入。同理,鑒于dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“gc”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),我們推測(cè)dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處加入的“gc”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))上的pam(agg)上游4bp處和5bp的堿基。進(jìn)一步推測(cè)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam(agg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u5。突出斷裂末端u5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),導(dǎo)致了dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處“gc”堿基的加入。而當(dāng)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam(agg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端u3。鈍斷裂末端u3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段重復(fù)時(shí),不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段重復(fù)連接接頭處堿基的加入,而是產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)。因此,我們認(rèn)為:在cas9核酸酶g915f的切割下,產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的比例=68.76%。突出斷裂末端u4的比例=“c”堿基的加入比例=15.04%。突出斷裂末端u5的比例=“gc”堿基的加入比例=0.20%。但是,我們觀察到,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)、“c”堿基的加入、以及“gc”堿基的加入這三大類情況以外,還有一類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)。我們認(rèn)為這類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)是各斷裂末端(鈍斷裂末端u3/突出斷裂末端u4/突出斷裂末端u5)在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的,各斷裂末端以均等的概率來(lái)產(chǎn)生堿基刪除(smalldeletion),各斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下所產(chǎn)生的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)的數(shù)量與各斷裂末端的數(shù)量成正比?;陔S機(jī)堿基刪除現(xiàn)象的存在,我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)序獲得的各斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例與其真實(shí)比例存在差距,需要進(jìn)行修正還原,即以各種斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例之和為基準(zhǔn),計(jì)算各斷裂末端的比例,以此作為該斷裂末端的占比。即對(duì)cas9核酸酶g915f的切割所產(chǎn)生的各斷裂末端的占比進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化計(jì)算,鈍斷裂末端u3的占比為81.86%【計(jì)算方法為:68.76%÷(68.76%+15.04%+0.20%)】。突出斷裂末端u4的比例為17.90%【計(jì)算方法為:15.04%÷(68.76%+15.04%+0.20%)】。突出斷裂末端u5的比例為0.24%【計(jì)算方法為:0.20%÷(68.76%+15.04%+0.20%)】。亦即,cas9核酸酶g915f在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,u3鈍末端切割的比例為81.86%,u4突出末端切割的比例為17.90%,u5突出末端切割的比例為0.24%。參照上述方法,依次計(jì)算出其他各cas9核酸酶(wt、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p和r780a)在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,u3鈍末端切割的占比x1、u4突出末端切割x2、u5突出末端切割的占比x3。結(jié)果,如圖3d和下表5-1所示:表5-1可見,在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下,相比于spcas9核酸酶(cas9wt),g915f、δf916、f916p和q920p這四個(gè)cas9核酸酶突變體對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),在pam上游4bp處進(jìn)行切割的比例明顯提高(u4),在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割的比例減少(u3)。如圖3e所示,利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭的情況,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)以外,還存在與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比,刪除連接接頭處加入了“t”堿基、“at”堿基、“cat”堿基的情況。選用不同的cas9核酸酶時(shí),檢測(cè)到的與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)、“+t”堿基、“+at”堿基、“+cat”堿基的占比不同。以選用g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶為例,檢測(cè)到與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的占比為14.77%,“+t”堿基的占比為17.77%,“+at”堿基的占比為40.39%,“+cat”堿基的占比為2.09%。鑒于dna片段刪除連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“t”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),我們推測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭處加入的“t”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))上的pam(tgg)上游4bp處的堿基。并且,進(jìn)一步推測(cè)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),則是在pam(tgg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d4。突出斷裂末端d4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),導(dǎo)致了dna片段刪除連接接頭處“t”堿基的加入。同理,鑒于dna片段刪除連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“at”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),我們推測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭處加入的“at”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))上的pam(tgg)上游4bp和5bp處的堿基。進(jìn)一步推測(cè)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam(tgg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d5。突出斷裂末端d5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),導(dǎo)致了dna片段刪除連接接頭處“at”堿基的加入。同理,鑒于dna片段刪除連接接頭處檢測(cè)到存在“cat”堿基的加入(與預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)連接相比),我們推測(cè)dna片段刪除連接接頭處加入的“cat”堿基是來(lái)源于模版dna(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))上的pam(tgg)上游4bp、5bp、6bp處的堿基。進(jìn)一步推測(cè)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,而對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam(tgg)上游6bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d6。突出斷裂末端d5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),導(dǎo)致了dna片段刪除連接接頭處“cat”堿基的加入。而當(dāng)g915f這個(gè)cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna非互補(bǔ)dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),是在pam(tgg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端d3。鈍斷裂末端d3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段刪除時(shí),不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna片段刪除連接接頭處堿基的加入,而是產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)。因此,我們認(rèn)為:在cas9核酸酶g915f的切割下,產(chǎn)生的斷裂末端中,鈍斷裂末端d3的占比=預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)的占比=14.77%。突出斷裂末端d4的占比=“t”堿基的加入占比=17.77%。突出斷裂末端d5的占比=“at”堿基的加入占比=40.39%。突出斷裂末端d6的占比=“cat”堿基的加入占比=2.09%。但是,我們觀察到,除了與預(yù)期相符的精準(zhǔn)連接(joinedprecisely)、dna片段刪除連接接頭處加入了“t”堿基、“+at”堿基、“+cat”堿基這四大類情況以外,還有一類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)。我們認(rèn)為這類隨機(jī)的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)是各斷裂末端(鈍斷裂末端d3/突出斷裂末端d4/突出斷裂末端d5/突出斷裂末端d6)在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生的,各斷裂末端以均等的概率來(lái)產(chǎn)生堿基刪除(smalldeletion),各斷裂末端在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下所產(chǎn)生的堿基刪除(smalldeletion)的數(shù)量與各斷裂末端的數(shù)量成正比。基于隨機(jī)堿基刪除現(xiàn)象的存在,我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)序獲得的各斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例與其真實(shí)比例存在差距,需要進(jìn)行修正還原,即以各種斷裂末端的實(shí)測(cè)比例之和為基準(zhǔn),計(jì)算各斷裂末端的比例,以此作為該斷裂末端的占比。即對(duì)cas9核酸酶g915f的切割所產(chǎn)生的各斷裂末端的占比進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化計(jì)算,鈍斷裂末端d3的占比為19.68%【計(jì)算方法為:14.77%÷(14.77%+17.77%+40.39%+2.09%)】。突出斷裂末端d4的比例為23.69%【計(jì)算方法為:17.77%÷(14.77%+17.77%+40.39%+2.09%)】。突出斷裂末端d5的比例為53.83%【計(jì)算方法為:40.39%÷(14.77%+17.77%+40.39%+2.09%)】。突出斷裂末端d6的比例為2.79%【計(jì)算方法為:2.09%÷(14.77%+17.77%+40.39%+2.09%)】。亦即,cas9核酸酶g915f在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,d3鈍末端切割的占比為19.68%,d4突出末端切割的占比為23.69%,d5突出末端切割的占比為53.83%,d6突出末端切割的占比為2.79%。參照上述方法,計(jì)算出其他各cas9核酸酶(wt、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p和r780a)在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行的切割方式中,d3鈍末端切割的占比y1、d4突出末端切割的占比y2、d5突出末端切割的占比y3、d6突出末端切割的占比y4。結(jié)果如圖3f和表5-2所示:表5-2可見,在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下,相比于spcas9核酸酶(cas9wt),g915f突變體對(duì)基因組dna片段中與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)的dna鏈進(jìn)行切割時(shí),在pam上游5bp處進(jìn)行切割的比例明顯提高,δf916、f916p、k918a和r919p這四個(gè)突變體在pam上游4bp處進(jìn)行切割的比例明顯提高(d4),r780a這個(gè)突變體在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割比例明顯提高(d3)。更進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了cas9核酸酶在sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下,可以在pam上游3bp處到更遠(yuǎn)堿基處切割非互補(bǔ)dna單鏈。實(shí)施例6適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法基于上述研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果(主要是實(shí)施例4和實(shí)施例5),本實(shí)施例接下來(lái)提供一種適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法。crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)包括cas9核酸酶和sgrna組合。cas9核酸酶在sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行切割,所述分析方法將cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna雙鏈進(jìn)行切割的方式區(qū)分為鈍末端切割與突出末端切割,鈍末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為鈍斷裂末端占比,突出末端切割方式對(duì)應(yīng)的切割末端占比為突出斷裂末端占比。通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合在每種切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)的斷裂末端序列,并結(jié)合所述鈍斷裂末端占比與突出斷裂末端占比,來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段編輯的精準(zhǔn)度。所述鈍末端切割是指:cas9核酸酶在sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段切割出平末端的切割方式。在鈍末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的切割末端為鈍斷裂末端。所述突出末端切割是指:cas9核酸酶在sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段切割出粘性末端的切割方式。在突出末端切割方式下對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的切割末端為突出斷裂末端。同實(shí)施例5,本實(shí)施例中,基因組dna片段為β-globinre2位點(diǎn)。cas9核酸酶可選用wt、g915f、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p或r780a中的任一種。候選sgrna組合包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2。下面先分析當(dāng)選用野生型cas9核酸酶spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt或cas9wt),采用由sgrna1和sgrna2組成的候選sgrna組合對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯時(shí)的精準(zhǔn)度。所述編輯精準(zhǔn)度是指針對(duì)待分析的編輯方式,符合所述待分析的編輯方式的基因組dna片段編輯中,精準(zhǔn)編輯所占的比例。在利用候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種編輯方式(例如刪除、重復(fù)、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、易位、插入等),待分析的編輯方式可以是選自刪除、重復(fù)、反轉(zhuǎn)或倒位、易位、插入等編輯方式中的任一種。根據(jù)待分析編輯方式的不同,編輯精準(zhǔn)度可以是刪除編輯精準(zhǔn)度、重復(fù)編輯精準(zhǔn)度、反轉(zhuǎn)編輯精準(zhǔn)度、易位編輯精準(zhǔn)度及插入編輯精準(zhǔn)度等中的任一種。精準(zhǔn)編輯是指:編輯方式為待分析的編輯方式,且編輯后的序列完全符合預(yù)期的基因組dna片段編輯。相比預(yù)期序列,有堿基的不同則認(rèn)為不屬于精準(zhǔn)編輯。假設(shè)精準(zhǔn)編輯為dna片段只發(fā)生了反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處不存在其他堿基的改變。那么dna片段重復(fù)、dna片段刪除等反轉(zhuǎn)以外的編輯方式及雖然發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)但是反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基發(fā)生了改變的編輯方式都不屬于精準(zhǔn)編輯。這時(shí),反轉(zhuǎn)編輯就是待分析的編輯方式,dna片段重復(fù)、dna片段刪除等反轉(zhuǎn)以外的編輯方式都不屬于待分析的編輯方式,而精準(zhǔn)編輯及發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)但是反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基發(fā)生了改變的編輯方式均屬于待分析的編輯方式。此時(shí),編輯精準(zhǔn)度就是所有發(fā)生了dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)的編輯中,精準(zhǔn)編輯的占比。(a)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)(1)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)如表5-1所示,各cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割,切割方式有u3鈍末端切割、u4突出末端切割、u5突出末端切割。u4突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u4,突出斷裂末端u4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端u4會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。cas9wt突出斷裂末端u4的占比=u4突出末端切割方式的占比=5.70%。突出斷裂末端u4的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。u5突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u5,突出斷裂末端u5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端u5會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。cas9wt突出斷裂末端u5的占比=u5突出末端切割方式的占比=0.00%。突出斷裂末端u5的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端u4和突出斷裂末端u5,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,均不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值為0;u3鈍末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端u3,鈍斷裂末端u3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),鈍斷裂末端u3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=u3鈍末端切割方式的占比=94.30%。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna1的值=鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=94.30%。將第一精準(zhǔn)參考因子c1sgrna1的值與第二精準(zhǔn)參考因子c2sgrna1的值相加,獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1=c1+c2=0+94.30%=94.30%。(2)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)如表5-2所示,各cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割,切割方式有d3鈍末端切割、d4突出末端切割、d5突出末端切割、d6突出末端切割。d4突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d4,突出斷裂末端d4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d4會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d4的占比=d4突出末端切割方式的占比=24.50%。突出斷裂末端d4的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。d5突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d5,突出斷裂末端d5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d5會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d5的占比=d5突出末端切割方式的占比=42.57%。突出斷裂末端d5的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。d6突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游6bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d6,突出斷裂末端d6在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d6會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d6的占比=d6突出末端切割方式的占比=4.19%。突出斷裂末端d6的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端d4、突出斷裂末端d5和突出斷裂末端d6,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,均不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值為0;d3鈍末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端d3,鈍斷裂末端d3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),鈍斷裂末端d3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。鈍斷裂末端d3的占比=d3鈍末端切割方式的占比=28.74%。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna2的值=鈍斷裂末端d3的占比=28.74%。將第一精準(zhǔn)參考因子c1sgrna2的值與第二精準(zhǔn)參考因子c2sgrna2的值相加,獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)y=c1sgrna2+c2sgrna2=0+28.74%=28.74%。(b)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度將選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1與選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)ysgrna2相乘獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z,亦即z=xsgrna1×ysgrna2=94.30%×28.74%=27.10%。利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入的比例為27.15%。由此可見,采用本發(fā)明的分析方法獲得的編輯的精準(zhǔn)度與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的高度一致。因此,本發(fā)明的分析方法的準(zhǔn)確度很高,是可行的。如果預(yù)測(cè):假設(shè)待分析的編輯方式,也就是預(yù)期編輯為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入。選用的cas9核酸酶為g915f,采用由sgrna1和sgrna2組成的候選sgrna組合對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯時(shí)的精準(zhǔn)度。按照上述同樣的分析方法,選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z,亦即z=x×y=81.86%×19.68%=16.11%。利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入的比例為16.40%。由此可見,采用本發(fā)明的分析方法獲得的編輯的精準(zhǔn)度與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的高度一致。如果預(yù)測(cè):假設(shè)待分析的編輯方式,也就是預(yù)期編輯為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入。選用的cas9核酸酶為r780a,采用由sgrna1和sgrna2組成的候選sgrna組合對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯時(shí)的精準(zhǔn)度。按照上述同樣的分析方法,選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z,亦即z=xsgrna1×ysgrna2=90.02%×41.68%=37.52%。利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入的比例為40.59%。由此可見,采用本發(fā)明的分析方法獲得的編輯的精準(zhǔn)度與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的高度一致。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶分別選用wt、g915f、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p或r780a時(shí)候,在候選sgrna組合(包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2)的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯,可能出現(xiàn)的編輯方式及這種編輯方式下的精準(zhǔn)度z分析如圖3g和圖3h所示。如果將待分析的編輯方式,也就是預(yù)期編輯定為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入。那么選用r780a為cas9核酸酶,在候選sgrna組合(包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2)的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯,精準(zhǔn)度是最高的。與用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)到的結(jié)果基本一致。將待分析的編輯方式,也就是將預(yù)期編輯定為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且只在dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處加入t堿基為精準(zhǔn)編輯。選用spcas9(簡(jiǎn)稱wt,或cas9wt)作為cas9核酸酶,候選sgrna組合包括兩個(gè)sgrnas,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2。(a)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中各sgrna的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)(1)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)如表5-1所示,各cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割,切割方式有u3鈍末端切割、u4突出末端切割、u5突出末端切割。u4突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u4,突出斷裂末端u4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端u4會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處c堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端u4的占比=u4突出末端切割方式的占比=5.70%。突出斷裂末端u4的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。u5突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端u5,突出斷裂末端u5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端u5會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處cg堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端u5的占比=u5突出末端切割方式的占比=0.00%。突出斷裂末端u5的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端u4和突出斷裂末端u5,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,均不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna1的值為0;u3鈍末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna1互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna1非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(agg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端u3,鈍斷裂末端u3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),鈍斷裂末端u3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna下游反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭處堿基的加入,能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=u3鈍末端切割方式的占比=94.30%。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna1的值=鈍斷裂末端u3的占比=94.30%。將第一精準(zhǔn)參考因子c1sgrna1的值與第二精準(zhǔn)參考因子c2sgrna1的值相加,獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1=c1sgrna1+c2sgrna1=0+94.30%=94.30%。(2)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)如表5-2所示,各cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割,切割方式有d3鈍末端切割、d4突出末端切割、d5突出末端切割、d6突出末端切割。d4突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游4bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d4,突出斷裂末端d4在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d4會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)連下接接頭處t堿基的加入,從而能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d4的占比=d4突出末端切割方式的占比=24.50%。突出斷裂末端d4的占比可計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。d5突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游5bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d5,突出斷裂末端d5在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d5會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處堿基at的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d5的占比=d5突出末端切割方式的占比=42.57%。突出斷裂末端d5的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。d6突出末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游6bp處進(jìn)行突出末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了突出斷裂末端d6,突出斷裂末端u6在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),突出斷裂末端d6會(huì)補(bǔ)平之后再與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭連接,因此會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處cat堿基的加入,從而不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。突出斷裂末端d6的占比=d6突出末端切割方式的占比=4.19%。突出斷裂末端d6的占比不能計(jì)算入第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值。所以,按照補(bǔ)平連接的方式預(yù)測(cè)突出斷裂末端d4、突出斷裂末端d5和突出斷裂末端d6,對(duì)待編輯基因組dna片段編輯所得序列的影響,其中只有突出斷裂末端d4精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯,因而,第一精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c1sgrna2的值為24.50%;d3鈍末端切割這種切割方式是指cas9核酸酶在sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行切割時(shí),對(duì)與sgrna2互補(bǔ)的dna鏈在pam上游3bp處進(jìn)行切割,對(duì)與sgrna2非互補(bǔ)dna鏈?zhǔn)窃趐am(tgg)上游3bp處進(jìn)行鈍末端切割,從而產(chǎn)生了鈍斷裂末端d3,鈍斷裂末端d3在細(xì)胞修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),鈍斷裂末端d3與反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭直接連接,不會(huì)導(dǎo)致dna反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭處堿基的加入,不能精準(zhǔn)符合預(yù)期編輯。鈍斷裂末端d3的占比=d3鈍末端切割方式的占比=28.74%。所以第二精準(zhǔn)度參考因子c2sgrna2的值=0。將第一精準(zhǔn)參考因子c1的值與第二精準(zhǔn)參考因子c2的值相加,獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)y=c1sgrna2+c2sgrna2=24.50%+0=24.50%。(b)獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度將選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna1的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)xsgrna1與選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合中sgrna2的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度系數(shù)ysgrna2相乘獲得選用的cas9核酸酶在候選sgrna組合的介導(dǎo)下對(duì)對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯的精準(zhǔn)度z,亦即z=xsgrna1×ysgrna2=94.30%×24.50%=23.10%。利用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)連接接頭精準(zhǔn)連接,不存在任何堿基的加入的比例為24.07%。由此可見,采用本發(fā)明的分析方法獲得的編輯的精準(zhǔn)度與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的高度一致。因此,本發(fā)明的分析方法的準(zhǔn)確度很高,是可行的。當(dāng)cas9核酸酶分別選用wt、g915f、f916p、δf916、k918a、r919p、q920p或r780a時(shí)候,在候選sgrna組合(包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2)的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯。如果將待分析的編輯方式,也就是預(yù)期編輯定為dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),且dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)下游連接接頭僅存在t堿基的加入。那么選用k918a為cas9核酸酶,在候選sgrna組合(包括兩個(gè)sgrna,分別是sgrna1和sgrna2)的介導(dǎo)下,對(duì)基因組dna片段(β-globinre2位點(diǎn))進(jìn)行編輯,精準(zhǔn)度是最高的。與用高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)到的結(jié)果基本一致。如圖3g和圖3h所示,當(dāng)待分析的編輯方式(也就是預(yù)期的編輯)是dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處無(wú)任何堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有t堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有at堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有cat堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)堿基加入、dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)t堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)at堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)cat堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)c堿基加入、dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)ct堿基加入、或dna反轉(zhuǎn)且下游連接接頭處僅有g(shù)ccat堿基加入時(shí),采用上述分析方法獲得的各編輯方式下的精準(zhǔn)度z均與實(shí)際檢測(cè)到的編輯精準(zhǔn)度基本一致。因此,本發(fā)明的適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法準(zhǔn)確度高,實(shí)用性強(qiáng),可用于基因組dna片段編輯。實(shí)施例7通過(guò)特定的pam組合實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)的dna片段編輯(一)基因組dna片段編輯方法本發(fā)明的基因組dna片段編輯方法,采用實(shí)施例6的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,分析候選sgrna組合及選用的cas9核酸酶對(duì)基因組dna片段的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,采用編輯精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng),來(lái)編輯基因組dna片段。進(jìn)一步地,所述的基因組dna片段編輯方法,包括如下步驟:(1)針對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段,根據(jù)需要的編輯方式,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合;(2)利用權(quán)利要求前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,從所述候選的sgrna組合中選擇出針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合;(3)采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。所述步驟(2)為利用前述的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法,分析各候選sgrna組合與各候選cas9核酸酶配合時(shí),針對(duì)所需要的編輯方式的編輯精準(zhǔn)度,從中選擇精準(zhǔn)度較高的sgrna組合以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶;所述步驟(3)為采用步驟(2)所選的sgrna組合以及與之配合的cas9核酸酶,利用crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。步驟(3)中,將所選的sgrna組合,以及含有所述cas9核酸酶編碼基因的質(zhì)粒一同轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞中,對(duì)待編輯的基因組dna片段進(jìn)行編輯。進(jìn)一步地,步驟(1)中,設(shè)計(jì)候選sgrna組合時(shí),至少針對(duì)兩種以上的pam組合設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合。如圖4所示,所述pam組合包括第一pam和第二pam。所述第一pam和第二pam均位于待編輯的基因組dna片段同一條dna鏈上(本發(fā)明記為第一pam和第二pam均位于待編輯的基因組dna正義鏈上)。所述第一pam靠近同一條dna鏈的5’端,所述第二pam靠近同一條dna鏈的3’端。所述第一pam的序列為ngg或ccn,所述第二pam的序列為ngg或ccn,其中n為任意核苷酸。具體地,所述pam組合為ngg-ngg組合、ccn-ccn組合、ccn-ngg組合或ngg-ccn組合。cas9核酸酶能夠特異性識(shí)別pam組合中第一pam和第二pam,從而在第一pam和第二pam的上游處分別切割基因組dna雙鏈,產(chǎn)生突出末端或鈍末端。所產(chǎn)生的突出末端或鈍末端在細(xì)胞自身存在的dna損傷修復(fù)系統(tǒng)的作用下產(chǎn)生dna片段編輯。采用上述方法分析采用i、ii、iii、iv中pam組合設(shè)計(jì)的成對(duì)sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶時(shí)的編輯精準(zhǔn)度。對(duì)于dna片段刪除這種編輯方式,計(jì)算和分析下來(lái)采用iv中pam組合(ngg-ccn)設(shè)計(jì)的成對(duì)sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行基因編輯時(shí),精準(zhǔn)度最高,產(chǎn)生的突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致精準(zhǔn)的連接。而分別采用i(ngg-ngg)和ii(ccn-ccn)中pam組合設(shè)計(jì)的sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),精確度低于iv,產(chǎn)生的突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致一側(cè)堿基的加入。采用iii中pam組合(ccn-ngg)設(shè)計(jì)的sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行編輯時(shí),精確度低于iv,產(chǎn)生的突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致兩側(cè)堿基的加入。對(duì)于dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)這種編輯方式,計(jì)算和分析下來(lái),分別采用i(ngg-ngg)和ii(ccn-ccn)中pam組合設(shè)計(jì)的成對(duì)sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行基因編輯時(shí),精準(zhǔn)度最高,產(chǎn)生的突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致一側(cè)反轉(zhuǎn)接頭堿基的加入和一側(cè)反轉(zhuǎn)接頭精準(zhǔn)的連接。采用iii(ccn-ngg)或iv(ngg-ccn)中pam組合及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行基因編輯時(shí),精準(zhǔn)度低于i和ii。對(duì)于dna片段重復(fù)這種編輯方式,采用iii(ccn-ngg)中pam組合設(shè)計(jì)的成對(duì)sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行基因編輯時(shí),精準(zhǔn)度最高,產(chǎn)生的突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致重復(fù)接頭精準(zhǔn)的連接。而分別采用i(ngg-ngg)、ii(ccn-ccn)和iv(ngg-ccn)中pam組合設(shè)計(jì)的成對(duì)sgrnas及與之配合的cas9核酸酶進(jìn)行基因編輯時(shí),精準(zhǔn)度低于iii,突出末端補(bǔ)平后連接導(dǎo)致重復(fù)接頭堿基的加入。通過(guò)上述分析方法得知,(1)若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段刪除,可選用ngg-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合;(2)若要進(jìn)行一側(cè)接頭的精準(zhǔn)dna片段反轉(zhuǎn),可選用ngg-ngg組合或ccn-ccn組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)其候選sgrna組合;(3)若要進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的dna片段重復(fù),可選用ccn-ngg組合作為pam組合,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)sgrna組合。(二)運(yùn)用分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行基因組dna片段編輯選取四種含有不同pam組合的位點(diǎn),有stm位點(diǎn)(ngg和ngg組合)、β-globin位點(diǎn)(ccn和ccn組合)、hoxd位點(diǎn)(ccn和ngg組合)和rrm21位點(diǎn)(ngg和ccn組合)。針對(duì)這四個(gè)位點(diǎn)分別構(gòu)建sgrnas質(zhì)粒:(1)從上海桑尼生物科技有限公司購(gòu)買分別針對(duì)stm位點(diǎn)(ngg和ngg組合)、β-globin位點(diǎn)(ccn和ccn組合)、hoxd位點(diǎn)(ccn和ngg組合)和rrm21位點(diǎn)(ngg和ccn組合)的sgrnas靶向序列的有5’懸掛端“accg”和“aaac”可以互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的正反向脫氧寡核苷酸,上述sgrnas靶向序列:β-globinre1sgrna1:gattgttgttgccttggagtg(seqidno.67)β-globinre1sgrna2:gctggtcccctggtaacctgg(seqidno.68)β-globinlocussgrna1:ggagatggcagtgttgaagc(seqidno.69)β-globinlocussgrna2:ctaggggtcagaagtagttc(seqidno.70)hoxdsgrna1:tctgttttcctcgcggtttc(seqidno.71)hoxdsgrna2:ggagcgcgctcgccatctcc(seqidno.72)β-globinre3sgrna1:tcacttgttagcggcatctg(seqidno.73)β-globinre3sgrna2:ggagatggcagtgttgaagc(seqidno.74);(2)獲得互補(bǔ)配對(duì)的帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna1)用ddh2o將脫氧寡核苷酸溶解至100μm,并稀釋至20μm;2)將正反脫氧寡核苷酸加入如下反應(yīng)體系:反應(yīng)條件:95℃水浴,5min,然后打開水浴鍋蓋子溫度降至60℃左右,蓋上蓋子冷卻至室溫。(3)酶切pgl3-u6-sgrna-pgk-purovector1)用bsai限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切載體質(zhì)粒,反應(yīng)體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:37℃,1.5小時(shí);2)膠回收純化dna酶切片段,按照膠回收試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明純化。(4)連接酶切后的載體與帶有懸掛端的雙鏈dna連接體系如下:反應(yīng)條件:室溫反應(yīng)1.5小時(shí);(5)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物用stbl3感受態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化連接產(chǎn)物,在含氨芐抗生素(amp,100mg/l)lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,37℃。(6)挑取單克隆測(cè)序1)從氨芐抗生素lb平板上挑取單菌落,lb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)質(zhì)粒提取,按照質(zhì)粒小抽試劑盒(axygen)說(shuō)明提??;3)提取后的質(zhì)粒送上海桑尼生物科技有限公司測(cè)序。(7)測(cè)序成功質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行中抽1)測(cè)序成功的質(zhì)粒用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在含amp(100mg/l)的lb平板培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;2)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;3)收集細(xì)菌,按照質(zhì)粒中抽試劑盒(qiagen)說(shuō)明提取質(zhì)粒。2.人源化cas9質(zhì)粒制備1)人源化cas9質(zhì)粒從北京大學(xué)席建中實(shí)驗(yàn)室獲得;2)用stbl3感受態(tài)重新轉(zhuǎn)化,在lb平板(amp,100mg/l)培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜;3)上午挑取單菌落在2mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)8小時(shí),然后轉(zhuǎn)接到200mllb(amp,100mg/l)液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)過(guò)夜,進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒中抽。3.用lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染1)hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,在37℃,含有5%co2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%。2)將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基(加入10%胎牛血清,無(wú)青鏈霉素雙抗)進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。3)待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將制備好的人源化cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)分別與這四個(gè)位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)重復(fù)。4)轉(zhuǎn)染后兩天,收集細(xì)胞,用基因組提取試劑盒(genomicdnapurificationkit,promega)提取基因組。4.制備高通量測(cè)序文庫(kù)在dna片段預(yù)期刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)接頭的精準(zhǔn)連接位點(diǎn)上游大約30bp處設(shè)計(jì)引物,然后將引物5’端加上帶有barcode的illumina的測(cè)序接頭,下游引物可以設(shè)計(jì)在遠(yuǎn)離拼接位點(diǎn)一些的位置并加上illumina的測(cè)序接頭,進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增,然后使用羅氏pcr純化試劑盒(productno.:11732676001)進(jìn)行純化,dna產(chǎn)物溶解在10mmtris-hclbuffer(ph=8.5),等量混合后形成庫(kù),進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序。上述高通量引物:hiseq-hstm-af1:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttgcttagagccaggactaattgc(seqidno.75)hiseq-hstm-ar2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttgggtgtagaaatgagcaaataagt(seqidno.76)hiseq-hstm-2f:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatgatcgtgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctagattgagttctgtttgtttcatctac(seqidno.77)hiseq-hstm-2r:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatagtcaagtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctcagctctgcctgaaaggagtc(seqidno.78)hiseq-glob-af2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctggttagcggcttgctcaattc(seqidno.79)hiseq-glob-ar2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttctgagagacagggatgtgttttac(seqidno.80)hiseq-glob-2f2:caagcagaagacggcatacgattaggcgatgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctattccctgtgtgattacttgcttac(seqidno.81)hiseq-glob-br1:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatatcacggtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatcttcttcagccatcccaagactc(seqidno.82)hiseq-rrm2-3f2:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatactgatgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctatagcaatgaaatcttgaaggagtg(seqidno.83)hiseq-rrm2-3r2:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatattcctgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctgcacagccctgctctattacg(seqidno.84)hiseq-hoxd-2f:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttgcgcactgcttgggtggaaatc(seqidno.85)hiseq-hoxd-2r2:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctcagcttagtccccagtgactgcg(seqidno.86)hiseq-hoxd-2r4:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgtgactgcgtctccgacttg(seqidno.87)hiseq-hoxd-4f:caagcagaagacggcatacgagattggtcagtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctaccgcccttcactgttgatc(seqidno.88)hiseq-hoxd-4r:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatcactgtgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctgaggtctggcaggcaaagtc(seqidno.89)5.高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)處理高通量測(cè)序完成后,使用linux程序?qū)悠返臏y(cè)序結(jié)果從文庫(kù)中通過(guò)barcode分出來(lái),保存在各自的文件夾,然后進(jìn)行bwa-mem比對(duì),比對(duì)后的序列通過(guò)varscan2程序(v2.3.9)分析dna片段的插入和刪除突變,varscan2程序參數(shù)如下:mincoverage:8minreads2:2minvarfreq:0.01minavgqual:15p-valuethresh:0.01。選取β-globinre1位點(diǎn)的(stm位點(diǎn))ngg和ngg組合的兩個(gè)sgrnas、β-globin位點(diǎn)的(β-globinlocus)ccn和ccn組合的兩個(gè)sgrnas、hoxd位點(diǎn)的(hoxdlocus)ccn和ngg組合的兩個(gè)sgrnas和β-globinre3位點(diǎn)的(rrm21位點(diǎn))ngg和ccn組合的兩個(gè)sgrnas,分別將這四種組合的sgrnas和cas9質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人胚腎hek293t細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染48小時(shí)后收集基因組。針對(duì)這四個(gè)位點(diǎn),利用高通量測(cè)序引物進(jìn)行pcr擴(kuò)增dna片段刪除、反轉(zhuǎn)和重復(fù)。rrm21位點(diǎn)ngg和ccn組合的dna片段刪除接頭沒(méi)有堿基加入(圖5a),精準(zhǔn)連接的比例較高(圖5a),和預(yù)期一致,其他三種組合都有不同程度的堿基加入(圖5a),所以通過(guò)ngg和ccn組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)dna片段的精準(zhǔn)刪除。根據(jù)cas9獨(dú)特的切割方式,推測(cè)ngg和ngg組合與ccn和ccn組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)一側(cè)接頭的精準(zhǔn)反轉(zhuǎn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明ngg和ngg組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)上游接頭的精準(zhǔn)反轉(zhuǎn)(圖5b),精準(zhǔn)連接比例較高(圖5b),并且沒(méi)有堿基加入(圖5b);ccn和ccn組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)下游接頭的精準(zhǔn)反轉(zhuǎn)(圖5c),精準(zhǔn)連接比例較高(圖5c),堿基加入較少(圖5c)。對(duì)于另外兩種組合,不同sgrnas的被切割方式不同,就會(huì)有不同的dna斷裂末端連接方式,不可預(yù)期(圖5b~c)。所以,ngg和ngg組合與ccn和ccn組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)可預(yù)測(cè)的一側(cè)精準(zhǔn)反轉(zhuǎn)。hoxd位點(diǎn)ccn和ngg組合的dna片段重復(fù)的精準(zhǔn)連接比例較高(圖5d),并且沒(méi)有堿基加入(圖5d),與預(yù)期一致,其他三種組合都有一定程度的堿基加入并且不同的sgrnas組合可能會(huì)有不同的結(jié)果,不可預(yù)期。所以ccn和ngg組合可以實(shí)現(xiàn)可預(yù)期的精準(zhǔn)dna片段重復(fù)。實(shí)施例8通過(guò)特定pam組合的dna片段編輯研究細(xì)胞構(gòu)架蛋白ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的功能1.通過(guò)crispr獲得ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系選取β-globin位點(diǎn)旁邊的處于基因組拓?fù)鋮^(qū)域邊界的三個(gè)連續(xù)的ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(cbs13-15)進(jìn)行dna片段編輯。在cbs13和cbs14之間,cbs14和cbs15之間,cbs13和cbs15外側(cè)設(shè)計(jì)sgrnas,構(gòu)建sgrnas質(zhì)粒(方法參照實(shí)施例1),對(duì)cbs15,cbs14-15,cbs13-14進(jìn)行dna片段編輯。hek293t細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)在培養(yǎng)瓶中,待其長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)瓶80~90%,將長(zhǎng)好的細(xì)胞在12孔板中用dmem完全無(wú)抗培養(yǎng)基進(jìn)行鋪板,過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。待12孔板中的細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至80~90%時(shí),將cas9質(zhì)粒(800ng)和針對(duì)編輯位點(diǎn)的sgrnas質(zhì)粒(各600ng)通過(guò)lipofectamine2000進(jìn)行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染。轉(zhuǎn)染后48小時(shí)的細(xì)胞加入puromycin(2μg/ml)進(jìn)行四天藥物篩選,然后在新鮮培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)八天,收集細(xì)胞,將均勻分散的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù),稀釋到一定數(shù)目種到96孔板中(每孔只有一個(gè)細(xì)胞),培養(yǎng)6天后只有一個(gè)細(xì)胞團(tuán)的孔板繼續(xù)加培養(yǎng)液再培養(yǎng)8天。收集部分細(xì)胞用篩選引物鑒定dna片段編輯情況,剩余細(xì)胞繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。2.通過(guò)4c實(shí)驗(yàn)研究ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系獲得了ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系后,通過(guò)4c實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)研究ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)功能。4c實(shí)驗(yàn)主要依照已公開發(fā)表的文章進(jìn)行[43,44]。簡(jiǎn)單描述,收集500萬(wàn)的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行甲醛交聯(lián),進(jìn)行6bp的ecori酶切連接,然后去交聯(lián),再進(jìn)行4bp的nlaiii進(jìn)行酶切連接,回收好連接產(chǎn)物,用高保真的taq酶進(jìn)行反向pcr。將一系列的pcr產(chǎn)物通過(guò)hiseqxten平臺(tái)進(jìn)行高通量測(cè)序,測(cè)序結(jié)果通過(guò)bowtie2進(jìn)行比對(duì)[45],然后用r3cseq程序分析4c數(shù)據(jù)[46]。所有4c實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)重復(fù)。本發(fā)明通過(guò)特定pam組合的dna片段編輯研究細(xì)胞構(gòu)架蛋白ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)功能,哺乳動(dòng)物的ctcf蛋白(ccctc-bindingfactor)是一種鋅指蛋白,在基因組dna相互作用方面有重要作用[36,37]。最近一些研究表明ctcf蛋白結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(cbss)的相對(duì)位置和方向與基因組dna相互作用有密切關(guān)系[33,38-42]。然而,位于基因組拓?fù)鋮^(qū)域邊界處的cbss數(shù)量是否影響基因組相互作用還不清楚,我們通過(guò)crispr系統(tǒng)利用特定的pam組合(ngg-ngg)去編輯cbs所在的dna片段來(lái)研究cbs功能(圖6a)。選取β-globin位點(diǎn)旁邊的處于基因組拓?fù)鋮^(qū)域邊界的三個(gè)連續(xù)的ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(cbs13-15)[33]進(jìn)行dna片段編輯。在cbs13和cbs14之間,cbs14和cbs15之間,cbs13和cbs15外側(cè)設(shè)計(jì)sgrnas,對(duì)cbs15,cbs14-15,cbs13-14進(jìn)行dna片段編輯。在hek293t細(xì)胞中,轉(zhuǎn)染cas9質(zhì)粒和針對(duì)編輯片段的兩個(gè)sgrnas,然后進(jìn)行單克隆化。在篩選cbs15反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),從49個(gè)單克隆細(xì)胞中,得到2個(gè)克隆完全反轉(zhuǎn),8個(gè)克隆同時(shí)具有反轉(zhuǎn)和刪除,選取其中3個(gè)克隆進(jìn)行4c(circularizedchromosomeconformationcapture)實(shí)驗(yàn)[43](圖6b)。在篩選cbs14-15反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),從40個(gè)單克隆細(xì)胞中,得到1個(gè)克隆完全反轉(zhuǎn),7個(gè)克隆同時(shí)具有反轉(zhuǎn)和刪除,選取其中2個(gè)克隆進(jìn)行4c實(shí)驗(yàn)(圖6b)。在篩選cbs13-14反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),從40個(gè)單克隆細(xì)胞中,得到1個(gè)克隆完全反轉(zhuǎn),3個(gè)克隆同時(shí)具有反轉(zhuǎn)和刪除,選取其中2個(gè)克隆進(jìn)行4c實(shí)驗(yàn)(圖6b)。從這些篩選的單克隆測(cè)序結(jié)果來(lái)看,ngg-ngg的pam組合獲得的dna片段反轉(zhuǎn)克隆反轉(zhuǎn)接頭一側(cè)具有精準(zhǔn)的連接,另一側(cè)具有堿基加入(圖6b)。上述sgrnas靶向序列:rrmoutcbs15-sgrna:acccaatgacctcaggctgt(seqidno.90)rrmcbs15-sgrna:acccaatgacctcaggctgt(seqidno.91)rrmcbs14-sgrna:gcctttcctaagggtctgtg(seqidno.92)rrmoutcbs13-sgrna:tcacttgttagcggcatctg(seqidno.93)以上篩選引物:cr-rrm1f:aggttgaatgaatgcgtgactg(seqidno.94)cr-rrm1f2:ctgcctctttatgggtctaatgtac(seqidno.95)cr-rrm1r:agagccaccagtccacagatc(seqidno.96)cr-rrm-1r2:acgcaggagccgtatcatg(seqidno.97)cr-rrm-3f2:atagcaatgaaatcttgaaggagtg(seqidno.98)cr-rrm3r2:gcacagccctgctctattacg(seqidno.99)cr-rrm15f1:tgagacccgctaggaaatgg(seqidno.100)cr-rrm15r1:cccacaactccctttcaatcag(seqidno.101)cr-rrm14f1:agtggagcaccctcacatcc(seqidno.102)cr-rrm14f2:gcgctcagtgtagagctcgtg(seqidno.103)cr-rrm14r1:ggatcggctgtttgctaggtc(seqidno.104)獲得了ctcf結(jié)合位點(diǎn)反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系后,通過(guò)4c實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)研究它們的基因組相互作用情況,進(jìn)而闡述ctcf功能。對(duì)照細(xì)胞系(ctr:control)和cbs13-15反轉(zhuǎn)細(xì)胞系(e79)在本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存,具體信息可參見:guo,y,etal.(2015).crisprinversionofctcfsitesaltersgenometopologyandenhancer/promoterfunction.cell,162:900-910。將ctr、e79、cbs15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系(a29,a49,a3)、cbs14-15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系(b36,b26)和cbs13-14反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系(e19,e37)進(jìn)行4c實(shí)驗(yàn),每個(gè)樣品各兩個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)。在正常的細(xì)胞(ctr)中,cbs13-15與cbs10-12有較強(qiáng)的相互作用,與cbs16-18幾乎沒(méi)有相互作用(圖7),方向相反的cbs13-15和cbs16位于基因組拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的邊界處。在cbs15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系中,與預(yù)期推測(cè)結(jié)果一致,cbs15與cbs16-18產(chǎn)生新的相互作用,尤其與其具有方向相反的cbs17-18有較強(qiáng)的相互作用,新增相互作用由33.7%增加到60.7%(圖7);剩余的cbs13-14仍然與cbs10-12有相互作用,但是相互作用強(qiáng)度有所下降,由66.3%下降到39.3%(圖7)。所以,單一cbs反轉(zhuǎn)就可以與其相對(duì)的cbs產(chǎn)生新的相互作用。在cbs14-15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系中,與cbs15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系結(jié)果相似,cbs14-15與cbs16-18產(chǎn)生新的相互作用,尤其與其具有方向相反的cbs17-18有較強(qiáng)的相互作用,新增相互作用由33.7%增加到53.0%(圖7);剩余的cbs13仍然與cbs10-12有相互作用,但是相互作用強(qiáng)度有所下降,由66.3%下降到47.0%(圖7)。在cbs13-15反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系中,與之前發(fā)表文章(guo,y,etal.(2015).crisprinversionofctcfsitesaltersgenometopologyandenhancer/promoterfunction.cell,162:900-910)結(jié)果一致,cbs13-15與cbs16-18產(chǎn)生新的相互作用,尤其與其具有方向相反的cbs17-18有較強(qiáng)的相互作用,新增相互作用由33.7%增加到85.3%(圖7),與cbs10-12幾乎沒(méi)有相互作用(圖7),三個(gè)cbs反轉(zhuǎn)與其相對(duì)的cbs產(chǎn)生最強(qiáng)的相互作用。在cbs13-14反轉(zhuǎn)的細(xì)胞系中,與ctr細(xì)胞系結(jié)果相似,cbs13-14反轉(zhuǎn)并沒(méi)有與cbs16-18產(chǎn)生新的相互作用,被具有方向相反的cbs15與cbs16阻隔(圖7);剩余的cbs15仍然與cbs10-12有相互作用(圖7)。根據(jù)以上4c結(jié)果,我們推測(cè)在沒(méi)有方向相反的cbs存在時(shí),反轉(zhuǎn)單一的cbs可以與其相對(duì)的cbs產(chǎn)生新的相互作用,進(jìn)一步證明了ctcf的功能與cbs的方向有關(guān);并且cbs的數(shù)量與ctcf的功能相關(guān),反轉(zhuǎn)三個(gè)cbs產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的相互作用;方向相反的一對(duì)cbs可以阻隔相互作用的產(chǎn)生。所以,cripsr介導(dǎo)的特定pam組合的dna片段編輯為研究基因組的調(diào)控元件提供了有利手段。4c引物:4c_hen_cbs13-15_f:aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttcacgccctgaagcttgtctggag(seqidno.105)4c_hen_cbs13-15_r:caagcagaagacggcatacgagatcgtgatgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatctctcatttggggtgttatatgc(seqidno.106)本申請(qǐng)的參考文獻(xiàn)如下:1.stamatoyannopoulos,ja.(2012).whatdoesourgenomeencode?genomeres,22:1602-1611.2.theencodeprojectconsortium.(2012).anintegratedencyclopediaofdnaelementsinthehumangenome.nature,489:57-74.3.banerji,j,lolson,andwschaffner.(1983).alymphocyte-specificcellularenhancerislocateddownstreamofthejoiningregioninimmunoglobulinheavychaingenes.cell,33:729-740.4.zhang,t,phaws,andqwu.(2004).multiplevariablefirstexons:amechanismforcell-andtissue-specificgeneregulation.genomeres,14:79-89.5.neph,s,etal.(2012).anexpansivehumanregulatorylexiconencodedintranscriptionfactorfootprints.nature,489:83-90.6.shen,y,etal.(2012).amapofthecis-regulatorysequencesinthemousegenome.nature,488:116-120.7.thurman,re,etal.(2012).theaccessiblechromatinlandscapeofthehumangenome.nature,489:75-82.8.delaat,wandddubole.(2013).topologyofmammaliandevelopmentalenhancersandtheirregulatorylandscapes.nature,502:499-506.9.mcclintock,b.(1950).theoriginandbehaviorofmutablelociinmaize.procnatlacadsciusa,36:344-355.10.mcclintock,b.(1984).thesignificanceofresponsesofthegenometochallenge.science,226:792-801.11.brinster,rl,etal.(1981).somaticexpressionofherpesthymidinekinaseinmicefollowinginjectionofafusiongeneintoeggs.cell,27:223-231.12.harbers,k,djahner,andrjaenisch.(1981).microinjectionofclonedretroviralgenomesintomousezygotes:integrationandexpressionintheanimal.nature,293:540-542.13.gordon,jw,etal.(1980).genetictransformationofmouseembryosbymicroinjectionofpurifieddna.procnatlacadsciusa,77:7380-7384.14.palmiter,rd,etal.(1982).dramaticgrowthofmicethatdevelopfromeggsmicroinjectedwithmetallothionein-growthhormonefusiongenes.nature,300:611-615.15.capecchi,mr.(2005).genetargetinginmice:functionalanalysisofthemammaliangenomeforthetwenty-firstcentury.natrevgenet,6:507-512.16.carroll,d.(2014).genomeengineeringwithtargetablenucleases.annurevbiochem,83:409-439.17.smithies,o,etal.(1985).insertionofdnasequencesintothehumanchromosomalbeta-globinlocusbyhomologousrecombination.nature,317:230-234.18.thomas,krandmrcapecchi.(1986).introductionofhomologousdnasequencesintomammaliancellsinducesmutationsinthecognategene.nature,324:34-38.19.zheng,b,etal.(2000).engineeringmousechromosomeswithcre-loxp:range,efficiency,andsomaticapplications.molcellbiol,20:648-655.20.wu,s,etal.(2007).towardsimplerandfastergenome-widemutagenesisinmice.natgenet,39:922-930.21.gupta,a,etal.(2013).targetedchromosomaldeletionsandinversionsinzebrafish.genomeres,23:1008-1017.22.xiao,a,etal.(2013).chromosomaldeletionsandinversionsmediatedbytalensandcrispr/casinzebrafish.nucleicacidsres,41:e141.23.kraft,k,etal.(2015).deletions,inversions,duplications:engineeringofstructuralvariantsusingcrispr/casinmice.cellrep,10:833-839.24.wu,s,etal.(2008).aprotocolforconstructinggenetargetingvectors:generatingknockoutmiceforthecadherinfamilyandbeyond.natureprotocol,3:1056-1076.25.jinek,m,etal.(2012).aprogrammabledual-rna-guideddnaendonucleaseinadaptivebacterialimmunity.science,337:816-821.26.cong,l,etal.(2013).multiplexgenomeengineeringusingcrispr/cassystems.science,339:819-823.27.mali,p,etal.(2013).rna-guidedhumangenomeengineeringviacas9.science,339:823-826.28.li,j,etal.(2015).efficientinversionsandduplicationsofmammalianregulatorydnaelementsandgeneclustersbycrispr/cas9.jmolcellbiol,7:284-298.29.sartori,aa,etal.(2007).humanctippromotesdnaendresection.nature,450:509-514.30.anand,r,etal.(2016).phosphorylatedctipfunctionsasaco-factorofthemre11-rad50-nbs1endonucleaseindnaendresection.molcell,64:940-950.31.li,j,jshou,andqwu.(2015).dnafragmenteditingofgenomesbycrispr/cas9.hereditas,37:992-1002.32.huang,handqwu.(2016).crisprdoublecuttingthroughthelabyrinthinearchitectureof3dgenomes.jgenetgenomics,43:273-288.33.guo,y,etal.(2015).crisprinversionofctcfsitesaltersgenometopologyandenhancer/promoterfunction.cell,16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技術(shù)領(lǐng)域:
:的普通技術(shù)人員,在不脫離本發(fā)明方法的前提下,還將可以做出若干改進(jìn)和補(bǔ)充,這些改進(jìn)和補(bǔ)充也應(yīng)視為本發(fā)明的保護(hù)范圍。凡熟悉本專業(yè)的技術(shù)人員,在不脫離本發(fā)明的精神和范圍的情況下,當(dāng)可利用以上所揭示的技術(shù)內(nèi)容而做出的些許更動(dòng)、修飾與演變的等同變化,均為本發(fā)明的等效實(shí)施例;同時(shí),凡依據(jù)本發(fā)明的實(shí)質(zhì)技術(shù)對(duì)上述實(shí)施例所作的任何等同變化的更動(dòng)、修飾與演變,均仍屬于本發(fā)明的技術(shù)方案的范圍內(nèi)。sequencelisting<110>上海交通大學(xué)<120>一種適用于crispr/cas9系統(tǒng)的基因組dna片段編輯精準(zhǔn)度的分析方法及應(yīng)用<130>171291<160>106<170>patentinversion3.3<210>1<211>24<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna1f<400>1accgattgttgttgccttggagtg24<210>2<211>24<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna1r<400>2aaaccactccaaggcaacaacaat24<210>3<211>24<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna2f<400>3accgctggtcccctggtaacctgg24<210>4<211>24<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna2r<400>4aaacccaggttaccaggggaccag24<210>5<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>ctipsgrna1f<400>5accggagcagagcagcggggcaa23<210>6<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>ctipsgrna1r<400>6aaacttgccccgctgctctgctc23<210>7<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>ctipsgrna2f<400>7accgttgcccaaagattccccag23<210>8<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>ctipsgrna2r<400>8aaacctggggaatctttgggcaa23<210>9<211>21<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna1<400>9gattgttgttgccttggagtg21<210>10<211>21<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinre1sgrna2<400>10gctggtcccctggtaacctgg21<210>11<211>20<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hs51re1sgrna1<400>11gccacacatccaaggctgac20<210>12<211>21<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hs51re1sgrna2<400>12gagatttggggcgtcaggaag21<210>13<211>20<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinlocussgrna1<400>13ggagatggcagtgttgaagc20<210>14<211>20<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>β-globinlocussgrna2<400>14ctaggggtcagaagtagttc20<210>15<211>81<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hstm-del-af1<400>15aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatcttg60cttagagccaggactaattgc81<210>16<211>85<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hstm-del-2r<400>16caagcagaagacggcatacgagatagtcaagtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccg60atctcagctctgcctgaaaggagtc85<210>17<211>77<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hhs51-del-af<400>17atgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgca60aggagatccgtgtcgtc77<210>18<211>89<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hhs51-del-br<400>18caagcagaagacggcatacgagatttgactgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccg60atcttttttggctaacaacatagtgcttc89<210>19<211>79<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-glob-del-af2<400>19aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgg60ttagcggcttgctcaattc79<210>20<211>85<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-glob-del-br1<400>20caagcagaagacggcatacgagatatcacggtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccg60atcttcttcagccatcccaagactc85<210>21<211>22<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>cr-ctip1-1f<400>21gtactacttctgggtctcccgc22<210>22<211>22<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>cr-ctip1-1r<400>22cactacactgcaggtgctcacc22<210>23<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>cr-ctip2-1f<400>23catgaatggagactgtgtgatgg23<210>24<211>23<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>cr-ctip2-1r<400>24caaactttcacgtggacgtagag23<210>25<211>20<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hs51re1sgrna1<400>25gccacacatccaaggctgac20<210>26<211>21<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hs51re1sgrna2<400>26gagatttggggcgtcaggaag21<210>27<211>77<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hhs51-af<400>27atgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctgca60aggagatccgtgtcgtc77<210>28<211>82<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hs51-ara<400>28aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatctaa60ggatgttgtggaaggcgagcag82<210>29<211>87<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hs51-bfa<400>29caagcagaagacggcatacgagatggacgggtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccg60atctctttacatgacagcttccggtag87<210>30<211>89<212>dna<213>artificial<220><223>hiseq-hhs51-br<400>30caagcagaagacggcatacgagatttgactgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccg60atcttttttggctaacaacatagtgcttc89<210>31<211>1401<212>prt<213>artificial<220><223>spcas9<400>31metalaprolyslyslysarglysvalglyilehisglyvalproala151015alametasplyslystyrserileglyleuaspileglythrasnser202530valglytrpalavalilethraspglutyrlysvalproserlyslys354045phelysvalleuglyasnthrasparghisserilelyslysasnleu505560ileglyalaleuleupheaspserglygluthralaglualathrarg65707580leulysargthralaargargargtyrthrargarglysasnargile859095cystyrleuglngluilepheserasnglumetalalysvalaspasp100105110serphephehisargleuglugluserpheleuvalglugluasplys115120125lyshisgluarghisproilepheglyasnilevalaspgluvalala130135140tyrhisglulystyrprothriletyrhisleuarglyslysleuval145150155160aspserthrasplysalaaspleuargleuiletyrleualaleuala165170175hismetilelyspheargglyhispheleuilegluglyaspleuasn180185190proaspasnseraspvalasplysleupheileglnleuvalglnthr195200205tyrasnglnleupheglugluasnproileasnalaserglyvalasp210215220alalysalaileleuseralaargleuserlysserargargleuglu225230235240asnleuilealaglnleuproglyglulyslysasnglyleuphegly245250255asnleuilealaleuserleuglyleuthrproasnphelysserasn260265270pheaspleualagluaspalalysleuglnleuserlysaspthrtyr275280285aspaspaspleuaspasnleuleualaglnileglyaspglntyrala2902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