人工生物心臟瓣膜材料及制備方法和用圖
【技術(shù)領(lǐng)域】
[0001] 本發(fā)明涉及心臟瓣膜材料領(lǐng)域,尤其涉及一種原花青素(PC)與戊二醛(GA)共交 聯(lián)的心臟瓣膜材料及其制備方法。
【背景技術(shù)】
[0002] 世界范圍內(nèi)心臟瓣膜疾病發(fā)病率和致死率都很高,美國毎年要進行6萬例人 エ心臟瓣膜置換手術(shù),同時大約有2萬人直接死于此病[Fuchs,J.R.,B.A.Nasseri,and J.P.Vacanti,Tissueengineering:a2丄stcenturysolutiontosurgical reconstruction.TheAnnalsofThoracicSurgery, 2001? 72(2):p. 577-591.]〇 臨床 上人工心臟瓣膜主要采用機械瓣膜和異種生物瓣膜移植替換治療。低溫貯藏的人同種 異體生物瓣膜也被用于臨床,但由于來源不足應用極少。異種生物瓣膜結(jié)構(gòu)如同同種生 物瓣膜,具有類似人體中心血流特點,因幾乎不引起凝血,患者術(shù)后不需象機械瓣膜術(shù)后 那樣服用價格高昂的抗凝血藥物[Fuchs,J.R.,B.A.Nasseri,andJ.P.Vacanti,Tissue engineering:a21stcenturysolutiontosurgicalreconstruction.TheArmaisoi ThoracicSurgery, 2001? 72 (2) :p. 577-591.]。在尺寸大小和解剖結(jié)構(gòu)等方面,豬的心臟瓣 膜因結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸與人的心臟瓣膜最為相似,所以豬心臟主動脈瓣膜是制備異種生物瓣膜的 理想材料之一 [Fuchs,J.R. ,B.A.Nasseri,andJ.P.Vacanti,Tissueengineering:a21st centurysolutiontosurgicalreconstruction.TheAnnalsofThoracic Surgery, 2001. 72 (2) :p. 577-591.]。為提高所植入異種生物瓣膜的穩(wěn)定性和持久性,降低 免疫原性,提高抗菌性,臨床上所用的人工生物心臟瓣膜均采用戊二醛交聯(lián)處理。但戊二 醛本身具有細胞毒性,抑制生物瓣膜在宿主體內(nèi)內(nèi)皮化,容易引起瓣膜鈣化、變脆、易撕裂, 致使瓣膜工作平均壽命僅機械瓣膜的1/3左右[Schmidt,C.E.andJ.M.Baier,Acellular vasculartissues:naturalDiomaterialsfortissuerepairandtissueengineering. Biomaterials,2000? 21 (22) :p. 2215-2231.]。另外,盡管戊二醛有殺菌和降低免疫原性的 能力,但效果有限。
[0003] 原花青素(Procyanidins,PC)是ー種黃酮類化合物,廣泛存在于各種食 物中,如水果、蔬菜、堅果、種子、花朵、樹皮、茶葉等[Dixon,R.A.,D. -Y.Xie,and S.B.Sharma,Proanthocyaniains-afinalfrontierinflavonoidresearchNew Phytologist, 2005. 165(1) :p. 9-28. ;Packer,L,G.Rimbach,andF.VirgiIi,Antioxidant activityandbiologicpropertiesofaprocyanidin-richextractfrompine(pinus maritima)bark,pycnogenol.FreeRadicalBiologyandMedicine, 1999. 27 (5-6):p.70 4-724.],具有抗氧化、清除自由基[Packer,L,G.Rimbach,andF.Virgili,Antioxidant activityandbiologicpropertiesofaprocyanidin-richextractfrompine(pinus maritima)bark,pycnogenol.FreeRadicalBiologyandMedicine, 1999. 27 (5-6):p.7 04-/24. ;Andry,M.C.,etal. ,Proanthocyanidinmicrocapsules:preparation,proper tiesandfreeradicalscavengingactivity.InternationalJournalofPharmace utics,1998. 171 (2) :p. 217-226.]、抗癌[Zhang,X. -Y. ,etal. ,Proanthocyanidinfrom grapeseedspotentiatesanti-tumoractivityofdoxoruoicinviaimmunomodulatory mechanism.InternationalImmunopharmacology,2005? 5 (7-8) :p. 1247-1257.]、保護心血 ^ [Sato,M. ,etal. ,Grapeseedproanthocyanidinreducescardiomyocyteapoptosis byinhibitingischemia/reperfusion-inducedactivationoijNK-IandC-jUN.;Free RadicalBiologyandMedicine,2001? 31 (6) :p. 729-737.Shao,Z. -H.,etal.,Grape seedproanthocyanidinextractattenuatesoxidantinjuryincardiomyocytes. PharmacologicalResearch, 2003. 47 (6) :p. 463-469. ;Du,Y.andH.Lou,Catechinand proanthocyanidinB4fromgrapeseedspreventdoxorubicin-inducedtoxicityin cardiomyocytes.EuropeanJournalofPharmacology,2008? 591 (1-3):p.96-101.]、 抗 柄-母[Gescher,K.,etal. ,Proanthocyanidin-enrichedextractfromMyrothamnus flabelliioliaWelw.exertsantiviralactivityagainstherpessimplexvirus typelbyinhibitionofviraladsorptionandpenetration.JournalofEthnopharma cology,2011.134(2):p. 468-474. ;Gescher,K.,etal. ,Oligomericproanthocyaniains fromRumexacetosaLinhibittheattachmentofherpessimplexvirustype-1. AntiviralResearch,2011.89(1):p. 9-18.]、抗菌消炎[Baydar,N.G.,G.Ozkan,and 0.Oagdi^9Totalphenoliccontentsandantibacterialactivitiesofgrape(Vitis viniferaL. )extracts.FoodControl, 2004. 15 (5) :p. 335-339. ;Mvakumaran,S. ,et al. ,VariationinantimicrooialactionofproanthocyanidinsfromDorycnium rectumagainstrumenbacteria.Phytochemistry,2004.65 (17):p.2485-2497.; Furiga,A. ,A.Lonvaud-FuneI,andC.Badet,Invitrostudyofantioxidantcapacity andantibacterialactivityonoralanaerobesofagrapeseedextract.FoodC hemistry, 2009. 113 (4) :p. 1037-1040.;RodriguezVaquero,M.J. ,etal. ,Antioxidant capacityandantibacterialactivityofphenoliccompoundsfromargentmean herbsinfusions.FoodControl,2010.21(5) :p. 779-785.]等多種生物活性。尤其是近 年來發(fā)現(xiàn)原花青素具有抗膠原降解[Green,B.,etal.,Grapeseedproanthocyanidins increasecollagenDiodegradationresistanceinthedentin/adhesiveinterface whenincludedinanadhesive.JournaloiDentistry,2010? 38(11):p. 908-915. ]、抗血栓形成[Sano,T.,etal. ,Anti-thromboticeffectofproanthocyanidin,a purifiedingredientofgrapeseed.ThrombosisResearch,2005. 115 (1-2):p. 115-121. ] ^ 抑制?丐化[Zhai,W.,etal. ,Procyanidins-crosslinkedheartvalve matrix:Anticalcificationeffect.JournalofBiomedicalMaterialsResearch PartB:AppliedBiomaterials,2009? 90B(2) :p. 913-921.]、降低免疫原性[Liu,Y.Z.,et al. ,ImmunomodulatoryeffectsofproanthocyanidinA-Iderivedinvitrofrom Rhododendronspiciferum.Fitoterapia,2010.81(2):p. 108-114.]的特點,使得原花青素 可能成為ー種潛在的人工生物辧膜交聯(lián)劑。Zhai等[Zhai,W.,etal.,Crosslinkingof decellularizedporcineheartvalvematrixbyprocyanidins.Biomaterials, 2006. 2 7 (19) :p. 3684-3690. ] 2006年發(fā)現(xiàn),PC用作交聯(lián)劑交聯(lián)豬脫細胞心臟瓣膜,具有力學性能 好、穩(wěn)定性強、抑制鈣化生成等優(yōu)點。與戊二醛交聯(lián)相比,其突出優(yōu)點即有效抑制瓣膜鈣化、 無細胞毒性。但也存在著一